Nestled within Mastering Microbiology, Pearson Interactive Labs for Microbiology, or PILM, is an online suite of microbiology laboratory simulations designed to give students a complete, immersive virtual lab experience. Designed by faculty, like me, who primarily teach Microbiology to allied health students, we sought to transform the way students learn microbiology lab techniques and concepts by providing: 

• A comprehensive, student-focused design 

• An engaging, active learning platform 

• Adaptive and accessible exercises 

The resulting learning platform engages students with clinically relevant case studies, interactive content, and adaptive learning pathways, guiding them through comprehensive laboratory modules with feedback and critical thinking questions.  

Development: How PILM came to be 

Accuracy, scope of learning, and student appeal were essential in the design and function of PILM. The simulations underwent an iterative process to accurately capture laboratory concepts and techniques. As one of the initial authors, my design and development approach helped lay the foundation for additional simulations.  

1. I identified key learning objectives as well as misconceptions, learning gaps, and experimental errors that I most commonly see in my in-person microbiology laboratory courses. The clinical hook was developed early during the design process as it was interwoven throughout the experiment and post-lab analysis sections of the simulation.  
2. Working closely with a developmental editor, I created an initial draft that was reviewed internally and then sent to an editorial review board consisting of instructors from various colleges that represent both Pearson and non-Pearson users. These instructors provided feedback, focusing primarily on content fidelity.  
3. After additional rounds of editing (both in-house and through our review board), I then collaborated with our design and production teams. I worked with the animation team to ensure authentic action during the simulation, the arthouse to ensure that our visual elements are pertinent and accurate, and visual designers who helped to provide visually engaging screens.  
4. I integrated student feedback on the visual appeal and usability of the initial builds.  
5. The lab was revised until I achieved a realistic, student-centered laboratory experience.  

Unlike other laboratory simulations that focus on a single technique or concept, PILM embraces a multi-faceted approach, recognizing that microbiological techniques are interconnected and must be used together for experimental success. For example, in the Endospore Stain module, students perform a smear preparation from a solid culture. The smear preparation technique requires a thorough knowledge of aseptic techniques, including culture transfer. During this process, students are asked about the significance of heat-fixation, a concept covered in the Smear Preparation and Simple Staining module. While the primary focus of the Endospore Stain module is endospore staining, students must still remember how to correctly prepare a smear and understand why each step is critical, reinforcing the interconnectedness of important concepts and techniques. Thus, students receive a comprehensive learning experience, comparable to the interconnectedness of an in-person lab. 

Active learning combined with career relevance 

When I abruptly transitioned to online-only instruction due to pandemic lockdowns, I scrambled to find virtual laboratory simulations that could replace in-class laboratory exercises. The selection was limited and consisted of “cookbook” laboratory modules, where the student is given step-by-step instruction on how to complete the lab but does not have the ability to make mistakes or pause for reflection. While most students could follow these recipes to perform various microbiological tasks, few could discuss the relevance of the learned techniques or critically analyze various result outcomes. Thus, my goal with PILM was to design an active learning platform where students had to critically think through the scientific process, rather than mindlessly click through the simulation.  

Learning science research studies have demonstrated the significance of introducing clinically relevant case studies before teaching laboratory skills and techniques. Case study-based labs allow students to see the relevance of their learned techniques while encouraging higher-order thought by incorporating critical thinking. Each laboratory module begins with a clinical hook to boost interest and engagement, offering career-based instruction.  

Many of my microbiology students, particularly non-traditional undergraduates with multiple responsibilities, often cite limited study time as a barrier to learning. Active learning exercises help these students quickly grasp and master critical concepts. In the PILM platform, students actively learn by performing experiments, identifying common misconceptions, drawing conclusions from data, and answering critical thinking questions. During the Experiment section within the simulations, students encounter speed bumps, or pauses, where they reflect on newly learned skills, fostering a scientific mindset. This approach makes PILM an engaging, career-relevant, and efficient tool for mastering essential laboratory techniques. 

A versatile tool for the evolving STEM classroom 

The shift from physical classrooms to virtual learning environments has raised questions among educators about the feasibility of effectively teaching laboratory skills online. PILM addresses these concerns by offering a STEM learning solution that delivers technique-based laboratory instruction through an online platform. Using realistic animation and adaptive learning pathways, students can make and learn from mistakes in a way that is both efficient and engaging. When students make experimental errors within PILM, they receive immediate feedback for just-in-time remediation or delayed feedback at key steps, allowing them to visualize the consequences of their errors. I designed these critical feedback and reflective opportunities at moments where I have seen my students make mistakes in lab. For example, when teaching a Gram stain lab, I have seen students make mistakes during both smear preparation as well as the decolorization step. During the Gram stain simulation, students are given immediate feedback if they improperly heat-fix their specimen to the slide. Decolorization errors provide delayed feedback, as students follow distinct results outcome pathways based on the extent of decolorization and must use critical thinking skills to determine the cause of the unexpected result. I believe that critically evaluating an improperly stained specimen is just as important as completing the staining process correctly. This experiential learning approach ensures a comprehensive and authentic understanding of microbiology labs while addressing technical challenges that may arise during experimentation. 

As a supplemental tool for face-to-face and hybrid learning modalities, PILM’s virtual labs can:  

• be assigned before or after in-person labs to reinforce key course objectives, enabling students to preview techniques and grasp their clinical relevance, 

• offer students a unique opportunity to learn techniques that may not be feasible in an in-person setting due to safety, budgetary, or time constraints, 

• allow students to work with clinical samples typically off-limits in undergraduate labs, gaining the chance to perform career-relevant work.  

This adaptability makes PILM a versatile tool for both the evolving STEM classroom and the digital-age learner. 

Ready to incorporate PILM into your laboratory science curricula? Preview our amazing suite of innovative labs! 

Mastering Microbiology is the online Learning Management System that accompanies the textbook Microbiology: An Introduction. Mastering Microbiology is packed full of instructor friendly resources that aid in student learning and understanding. These resources give students 24/7 access to learning opportunities, allowing them to take ownership of their learning. The Mastering Microbiology resources range from providing students with important background knowledge, to adaptive study tools, to clinical based applications of Microbiology. The resources in Mastering Microbiology are pedagogically focused to provide clear explanations of complex concepts and to engage learners in the material by providing practical applications of microbiology concepts.

The Mastering Microbiology resources available for Microbiology: An Introduction include:

In The Clinic Videos: These videos bring to life the scenarios of the “In the Clinic” features that open every chapter. The videos introduce a microbial disease and ask questions linking microbiology concepts to disease pathology. This helps students transfer their knowledge of microbiology to clinically relevant settings.

Pedagogy – The “In the Clinic” Videos are designed to take concepts found in the disease chapters towards the end of the book and move them forward in the class, introducing disease pathology in concert with the microbiology that explains the how and why behind the pathology. This connection between microbiology and disease pathology occurs in a clinical setting highlighting how microbiology understanding can be transferred to patient care. These real-world examples engage learners and help students develop critical thinking skills.

How to Assign – These assignments can be assigned after class to allow students to apply the new information they have learned. These assignments can also be used in class to provide active learning and/or peer to peer learning in class. An instructor can show the first part of the video and ask students to hypothesize answers to the questions. This will provide a scaffold for student learning while the instructor lectures over the content. Later on, the class can come back to the videos to see content application and spark classroom discussion. In an online setting, instructors can assign these after chapter reading assignments to apply and assess knowledge students have gained.

MicroBoosters: MicroBoosters are a suite of brief video tutorials that cover key background concepts students may need to review or relearn prior to diving into more complex microbiology content.

Pedagogy – Complex microbiology concepts often build from prior knowledge based in biology and chemistry. In a one semester Microbiology class, instructors are pressed for time to cover all of the microbiology concepts in detail, and they may not have time to cover all the background material as well. The MicroBooster video tutorials allow students to learn and review key background knowledge, ensuring they come to class prepared.

How to Assign – MicroBoosters can be assigned before class to give students the background knowledge they need for lecture topics. Assigning Microboosters before class allows the instructor to review student grades prior to class to determine if students know the needed background information for the lecture. In an online setting, Microboosters can be used either as a warmup before chapter content is assigned, or at the start of the class in a background introduction module.

Interactive Microbiology: Interactive Microbiology is a dynamic suite of interactive tutorials and animations that teach key microbiology concepts. Students actively engage with each topic and learn by manipulating variables, predicting outcomes, and answering assessment questions.

Pedagogy – Interactive Microbiology takes a scaffolding approach to presenting complex materials. This concept allows different microbiology concepts to build on one another, helping students to understand the answers to questions and mimic the type of thought process that would occur clinically. Each module starts with a case study to provide students with a real-world hook that increases interest and engagement. The activities use state-of-the-art animations to bring cell biology concepts to life and ask questions that allow students to own their learning and connect microbiology concepts to clinical applications. Interactive Microbiology helps to bridge the core concepts of microbiology like morphology, genetics, and metabolism, with the more advanced concepts of microbiology like pathology, immunology, and pharmacology in a realistic manner that makes the learning genuine.

How to Assign – Interactive Microbiology assignments can be assigned as post-lecture material, reinforcing and providing application for lecture content. These assignments can also be used to introduce upcoming lecture concepts, helping students connect basic knowledge with more advanced concepts.

Micro Lab Explorations: Micro Lab Explorations are branching style lab activities that use a Choose Your Own Adventure™ approach to teach lab techniques and concepts. These decision-tree style lab exercises present a clinically based scenario that walks students through the process of using microbiology lab knowledge to solve clinical problems.

Pedagogy – Decision-tree style lab exercises are designed to increase student ownership and interactivity in online environments, by allowing students to engage in the narrative of the lesson. Students are not just passively watching content, but rather directing the path of the content, answering questions, and learning from their mistakes in a low-stakes environment. These activities also help students develop critical thinking skills by linking microbiology concepts and lab techniques with clinical applications.

How to Assign – Because Micro Lab Explorations contain videos on how to perform certain lab techniques, they are perfect to assign as pre-labs prior to in-person or virtual labs. Students will not only see the proper way to perform lab techniques but will also learn about the concepts behind the lab and how these lab techniques are used to aid in clinical diagnosis.

Interactive Labs: Interactive Labs for Microbiology is a suite of online microbiology lab simulations. These interactive labs allow students to perform lab techniques virtually, while receiving guided feedback.

Washing your hands is one of the basics of hygiene that we often do without thinking. It was heavily emphasized during the pandemic and continues to be a major prevention of contamination. Handwashing is critical in healthcare careers since many personnel come into direct contact with the patient. The personnel must be trained in handwashing technique to ensure that all areas of the hand are cleaned. This makes learning the skill an important step in a person’s career. That is why Pearson has taken extraordinary measures to make an excellent handwashing simulation.

Handwashing Education

During the Fall of 2021, still in the height of the pandemic, I was taking Microbiology I and training to be a certified nursing assistant. Every day I learned about ten new diseases that could be on my hands at any given moment. Simultaneously, my nursing instructor would stand over my shoulder timing me while I washed my hands. The ticking of the watch made me so nervous that I was shaking all over trying to take a deep breath. I tried to remember every area of my hands and make sure I was scrubbing for just enough time.   

Handwashing is a simple skill, but this semester it was taken to an extreme level. I was taught to first turn on the faucet with a paper towel. I then squirt antibacterial soap on my hands and scrub for at least 20 seconds. It is important to scrub the palms, back of the hands, in between the fingers, and all fingertips. Observe fingernails and make certain that there is no grime stuck under the nails, as this is a common site for bacterial growth. Ensure that all surfaces have been scrubbed with soap. Don’t forget the wrists! Rinse the hands off completely without touching the sink and do not shake hands to dry. Grab a paper towel to dry hand. Turn the faucet off with a paper towel.   

The Cause for Cleanliness

He emphasized over and over again how important it was to have excellent hand hygiene. The examiners who preside over my state exams would observe my handwashing technique just as meticulously. If I did not wash my hands well enough or long enough, I could not continue with the exam. I would have had to still pay for another exam, come another day, and test once again. It would go on my records that I did not pass the exam the first time and the reason would be noted too. There was a lot to lose if I did not wash my hands correctly.

Anti-Protist Protocols

This rigorous routine would continue in my Microbiology labs. Weeks of experimentation would go in the garbage if a slide got contaminated with my skin in the Microbiology lab. If I did not wash my hands after the experiment, I might take home fragments of whatever that bacteria, fungi, or worm was to my family. Microbiology forced me to think like a germaphobe. Clean the counter, clean the slides, clean the microscope, sterile procedures, inoculate the loop, wear gloves, don’t breathe on your specimens, and many, many, MANY more hygienic precautions would loop through my brain.

Handwashing Never Goes Away

That was my fall of 2021. I knew that all of this was important as I was taking my first steps to becoming a nurse on the field. In nursing school and in the hospitals for my clinical rotations, hand hygiene is still meticulous. I continue to be tested on it in my exam questions and in my skills labs. Handwashing never goes away. I have must wash my hands 100% so that there is 0% chance of anything spreading.

Handwashing is always relevant. Repetition is key which is why it shows up at the beginning of the virtual labs. This is why Pearson devoted lots of time and technology to making a proper simulation for handwashing for each lab. Professors, clinicians, students, and designers all worked together to make this product a reality. Having this handwashing simulation on the virtual labs is crucial to maintaining excellence, accuracy, and relevance. There is a proper order to wash hands that needs to be maintained. The entire hand to be cleaned well with soap and water. Sticks for removing grime from under the fingernails are a notable task in the routine. Many other actions must be performed in the specific order to complete the whole routine. This is a skill that a person carries with them their whole life, but especially when they are in the medical field and have direct contact with patients. No matter the major, all are responsible for keeping their hands clean and decreasing the spread of diseases. Whether one is at home, in the office, at the hospital, or labs, everyone needs handwashing to be a regular hygiene habit to maintain cleanliness and health throughout society.