Introductory Chemistry in SI Units, 6th edition

Published by Pearson (August 7, 2018) © 2019

  • Nivaldo J. Tro Santa Barbara City College

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For one-semester courses in Preparatory Chemistry

Builds 21st century problem solving skills, preparing students for success

Now in its 6th Edition, the best-selling Introductory Chemistry continues to encourage student interest by showing how chemistry manifests in students’ daily lives. Author Nivaldo Tro draws upon his classroom experience as an award-winning instructor to extend chemistry from the laboratory to the student’s world, capturing student attention with relevant applications and an engaging writing style. The text provides a superior teaching and learning experience, enabling deep conceptual understanding, fostering the development of problem-solving skills, and encouraging interest in chemistry with concrete examples. Extending chemistry from the lab to the student’s world, the text reveals that anyone can master chemistry.

Refined to meet its purpose of teaching relevant skills, the 6th Edition includes new questions, data, and sections to help students build the 21st century skills necessary to succeed in introductory chemistry and beyond. Already a visual text, in this edition the art has been further refined and improved, making the visual impact sharper and more targeted to student learning. The new edition also includes new Conceptual Checkpoints, a widely embraced feature that emphasizes understanding rather than calculation, as well as a new category of end-of-chapter questions called Data Interpretation and Analysis, which present real data in real life situations and ask students to analyze and interpret that data.

MasteringTM Chemistry not included. Students, if Mastering Chemistry is a recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor for the correct ISBN and course ID. Mastering Chemistry should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson rep for more information.

Mastering Chemistry is the leading online homework, tutorial, and assessment system, designed to improve results by engaging students with powerful content. Instructors ensure students arrive ready to learn by assigning educationally effective content and encourage critical thinking and retention with in-class resources such as Learning CatalyticsTM.

This title is a Pearson Global Edition. The Editorial team at Pearson has worked closely with educators around the world to include content which is especially relevant to students outside the United States.

Builds Twenty-First Century Skills

  • NEW! Data Interpretation and Analysis, a new category of end- of- chapter questions has been added to each chapter. These questions present actual data from real-life situations and ask students to analyze and interpret that data. They are designed to give students much- needed practice in reading graphs, understanding tables, and making data-driven decisions.
  • A new section (Section 1.4) introduces these skills and emphasizes their importance in student success.

Enables deep conceptual understanding

  • NEW! 13 new Conceptual Checkpoint questions have been added throughout the book. Conceptual Checkpoints reinforce conceptual understanding of the most complex material. Strategically located throughout each chapter, they prompt students to think about concepts and solve problems without doing any math. Answers and explanations appear at the end of each chapter.
  • Key Learning Outcomes correlate to the Chemical Skills and Examples in the end-of-chapter material and to the content within Mastering Chemistry. Each section in every chapter (after the introductory sections) includes at least one learning outcome summarizing the key learning objective to help students focus and assess their progress.
  • Self-Assessment Quizzes at the end of each chapter provide opportunities for students to assess what they’ve learned. Each quiz consists of 10—15 multiple-choice questions similar to those found on standard exams.
  • Multipart molecular images depicted through Macroscopic, Microscopic, and Symbolic perspectives enable students to better visualize, and thus understand, chemistry.
    • Multipart images help students to see the relationships among the formulas they write down on paper (symbolic), the world they see around them (macroscopic), and the atoms and molecules that compose that world (molecular).
    • Abundant molecular-level views reveal the connections between everyday processes visible to the eye and the activities of atoms and molecules.
    • Extensive labels and annotations for each illustration direct students to key elements in the art and help them to fully understand the processes depicted.
  • REVISED! The art program has been further refined and improved, making the visual impact sharper and more targeted for student learning. The art program has been modified to move information from the captions and into the art itself. This allows relevant information to be placed right where it is most needed and makes the art a more accessible study and review tool.

Fosters development of problem-solving skills

  • NEW! 39 Interactive Worked Examples instruct students how to break down problems using Tro’s “Sort, Strategize, Solve, and Check” technique in an interactive, digital format. These problems are incorporated in Mastering Chemistry as assignable activities.
  • In the ‘Strategize’ step for many examples, students are prompted to draw a solution map for the problem. Students learn how to use conversion factors and equations to outline the steps needed to get from the given to the unknown.
  • Examples are presented in formats that foster problem-solving skills and enable understanding.
    • All but the simplest examples are presented in a two-column format. The left column acts as the instructor’s voice, explaining the purpose of each step, while the right column shows how the step is executed. This format

About the Book

  • 13 New Conceptual Checkpoint questions have been added throughout the book. Conceptual Checkpoints reinforce conceptual understanding of the most complex material. Strategically located throughout each chapter, they prompt students to think about concepts and solve problems without doing any math. Answers and explanations appear at the end of each chapter.
  • REVISED! The art program has been further refined and improved, making the visual impact sharper and more targeted for student learning. The art program has been modified to move information from the captions and into the art itself. This allows relevant information to be placed right where it is most needed and makes the art a more accessible study and review tool.
  • Data Interpretation and Analysis, a new category of end- of- chapter questions has been added to each chapter. These questions present actual data from real-life situations and ask students to analyze and interpret that data. They are designed to give students much- needed practice in reading graphs, understanding tables, and making data-driven decisions.
  • 39 Interactive Worked Examples instruct students how to break down problems using Tro’s “Sort, Strategize, Solve, and Check” technique in an interactive, digital format. These problems are incorporated in Mastering Chemistry as assignable activities.
  • UPDATED! The data throughout the book has been updated to reflect the most recent measurements and developments available.
    • For example, the half-life of Carbon-14 has been changed to 5715 years in Table 17.2 and throughout Chapter 17 to reflect the current accepted value and new information has been added about thermoluminescent dosimeters in Section 17.4.
    • Other updates include changes made to Figure 8.2 Climate Change, Section 10.1 Bonding Models and AIDS Drugs, Table 11.5 Changes in Pollutant Levels for Major U.S. Cities, 1980–2014, The Chemistry in the Environment box in Section 12.8 Water: A Remarkable Molecule, and Section 17.8 Nuclear Power: Using Fission to Generate Electricity.
  • UPDATED! Several chapter-opening sections (and/or the corresponding art), including Sections 1.1, 2.1, 12.1, and 16.1, have been replaced or significantly modified.
  • A new section (Section 2.8), new example (Example 2.12), and new end-of-chapter problems address conversions involving quantities with combined units, such as mL/kg or km/hr.
  • Temporary symbols for elements 113, 115, 117, and 118 (Uut, Uup, Uus, and Uuo, respectively) have been added to all periodic tables.
  • REVISED! Text in all chapters has been edited for clarity and to limit use of passive voice and extraneous words and phrases.

MasteringTM Chemistry not included. Students, if Mastering Chemistry is a recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor for the correct ISBN and course ID. Mastering Chemistry should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson rep for more information.

Mastering Chemistry is the leading online homework, tutorial, and assessment system, designed to improve results by engaging students with powerful content. Instructors ensure students arrive ready to learn by assigning educationally effective content and encourage critical thinking and retention with in-class resources such as Learning CatalyticsTM.

  • The Chemistry Primer helps students remediate their chemistry math skills and prepare for their first college chemistry course.
    • Pre-built Assignments get students up to speed at the beginning of the course.
    • Math is c

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  1. The Chemical World
    • Sand and Water
    • Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
    • The Scientific Method: How Chemists Think
    • Analyzing and Interpreting Data
    • A Beginning Chemist: How to Succeed
  2. Measurement and Problem Solving
    • The Metric Mix-up: A $125 Million Unit Error
    • Scientific Notation: Writing Large and Small Numbers
    • Significant Figures: Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
    • Significant Figures in Calculations
    • The Basic Units of Measurement
    • Problem Solving and Unit Conversion
    • Solving Multistep Unit Conversion Problems
    • Unit Conversion in Both the Numerator and Denominator
    • Units Raised to a Power
    • Density
    • Numerical Problem-Solving Strategies and the Solution Map
  3. Matter and Energy
    • In Your Room
    • What Is Matter?
    • Classifying Matter According to Its State: Solid, Liquid, and Gas
    • Classifying Matter According to Its Composition: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
    • Differences in Matter: Physical and Chemical Properties
    • Changes in Matter: Physical and Chemical Changes
    • Conservation of Mass: There Is No New Matter
    • Energy
    • Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
    • Temperature: Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
    • Temperature Changes: Heat Capacity
    • Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
  4. Atoms and Elements
    • Experiencing Atoms at Tiburon
    • Indivisible: The Atomic Theory
    • The Nuclear Atom
    • The Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
    • Elements: Defined by Their Numbers of Protons
    • Looking for Patterns: The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table
    • Ions: Losing and Gaining Electrons
    • Isotopes: When the Number of Neutrons Varies
    • Atomic Mass: The Average Mass of an Element's Atoms
  5. Molecules and Compounds
    • Sugar and Salt
    • Compounds Display Constant Composition
    • Chemical Formulas: How to Represent Compounds
    • A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
    • Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
    • Nomenclature: Naming Compounds
    • Naming Ionic Compounds
    • Naming Molecular Compounds
    • Naming Acids
    • Nomenclature Summary
    • Formula Mass: The Mass of a Molecule or Formula Unit
  6. Chemical Composition
    • How Much Sodium?
    • Counting Nails by the Pound
    • Counting Atoms by the Gram
    • Counting Molecules by the Gram
    • Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
    • Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
    • Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
    • Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
    • Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
  7. Chemical Reactions
    • Grade School Volcanoes, Automobiles, and Laundry Detergents
    • Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
    • The Chemical Equation
    • How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
    • Aqueous Solutions and Solubility: Compounds Dissolved in Water
    • Precipitation Reactions: Reactions in Aqueous Solution That Form a Solid
    • Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution: Molecular, Complete Ionic, and Net Ionic Equations
    • Acid—Base and Gas Evolution Reactions
    • Oxidation—Reduction Reactions
    • Classifying Chemical Reactions
  8. Quantities in Chemical Reactions
    • Climate Change: Too Much Carbon Dioxide
    • Making Pancakes: Relationships between Ingredients
    • Making Molecules: Mole-to-Mole Conversions
    • Making Molecules: Mass-to-Mass Conversions
    • More Pancakes: Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield
    • Limiting Reactant[JJ2]

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