Campbell Essential Biology, 7th edition

Published by Pearson (September 15, 2020) © 2019

  • Eric J. Simon New England College
  • Jean L. Dickey Clemson University
  • Jane B. Reece
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Campbell Essential Biology makes biology relevant and meaningful. The authors' approach equips you to become a more informed citizen, to relate concepts from class to your everyday life, and to understand and apply real data to your world and future.

The 7th Edition incorporates Process of Science essays that use striking infographic figures to convey real data that will help you to see and better understand how science actually works. Author-narrated Figure Walkthrough Videos in each chapter guide you through key biology concepts and processes.

Campbell Essential Biology is available in 2 versions:

  • Essential Biology with Physiology contains Chapters 1-29
  • Essential Biology contains Chapters 1-20
  1. Learning About Life
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Swimming with the Turtles
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: A Passion for Life
    • The Scientific Study of Life
    • An Overview of the Process of Science
    • Hypotheses, Theories, and Facts
    • Controlled Experiments
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Do Baby Turtles Swim?
    • Evaluating Scientific Claims
    • The Properties of Life
    • Major Themes in Biology
    • The Relationship of Structure to Function
    • Information Flow
    • Pathways That Transform Energy and Matter
    • Interactions within Biological Systems
    • Evolution
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Turtles in the Tree of Life

UNIT 1: CELLS

  1. Essential Chemistry for Biology
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Helpful Radiation
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Nuclear Medicine
    • Some Basic Chemistry
    • Matter: Elements and Compounds
    • Atoms
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: How Effective Is Radiation in Treating Prostate Cancer?
    • Chemical Bonding and Molecules
    • Chemical Reactions
    • Water and Life
    • Water
    • Acids, Bases, and pH
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Radioactivity as an Evolutionary Clock
  1. The Molecules of Life
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Lactose Intolerance
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Got Lactose?
    • Organic Compounds
    • Carbon Chemistry
    • Giant Molecules from Smaller Building Blocks
    • Large Biological Molecules
    • Carbohydrates
    • Lipids
    • Proteins
    • Nucleic Acids
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Does Lactose Intolerance Have a Genetic Basis?
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Evolution of Lactose Intolerance in Humans
  1. A Tour of the Cell
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Humans Versus Bacteria
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Antibiotics: Drugs That Target Bacterial Cells
    • The Microscopic World of Cells
    • The Two Major Categories of Cells
    • An Overview of Eukaryotic Cells
    • Membrane Structure
    • The Plasma Membrane
    • Cell Surfaces
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: How Was the First 21st-Century Antibiotic Discovered?
    • The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the Cell
    • The Nucleus
    • Ribosomes
    • How DNA Directs Protein Production
    • The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products
    • The Endoplasmic Reticulum
    • The Golgi Apparatus
    • Lysosomes
    • Vacuoles
    • Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: Providing Cellular Energy
    • Chloroplasts
    • Mitochondria
    • The Cytoskeleton: Cell Shape and Movement
    • Maintaining Cell Shape
    • Flagella and Cilia
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Evolution of Bacterial Resistance in Humans
  1. The Working Cell
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Nanotechnology
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Harnessing Cellular Structures
    • Some Basic Energy Concepts
    • Conservation of Energy
    • Heat
    • Chemical Energy
    • Food Calories
    • ATP and Cellular Work
    • The Structure of ATP
    • Phosphate Transfer
    • The ATP Cycle
    • Enzymes
    • Activation Energy
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Can Enzymes Be Engineered?
    • Enzyme Activity
    • Enzyme Inhibitors
    • Membrane Function
    • Passive Transport: Diffusion across Membranes
    • Osmosis and Water Balance
    • Active Transport: The Pumping of Molecules across Membranes
    • Exocytosis and Endocytosis: Traffic of Large Molecules
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Origin of Membranes
  1. Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Exercise Science
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Getting the Most Out of Your Muscles
    • Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in the Biosphere
    • Producers and Consumers
    • Chemical Cycling between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
    • Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Harvest of Food Energy
    • An Overview of Cellular Respiration
    • The Three Stages of Cellular Respiration
    • The Results of Cellular Respiration
    • Fermentation: Anaerobic Harvest of Food Energy
    • Fermentation in Human Muscle Cells
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: What Causes Muscle Burn?
    • Fermentation in Microorganisms
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Importance of Oxygen
  1. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Solar Energy
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: A Solar Revolution
    • The Basics of Photosynthesis
    • Chloroplasts: Sites of Photosynthesis
    • An Overview of Photosynthesis
    • The Light Reactions: Converting Solar Energy to Chemical Energy
    • The Nature of Sunlight
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: What Colors of Light Drive Photosynthesis
    • Chloroplast Pigments
    • How Photosystems Harvest Light Energy
    • How the Light Reactions Generate ATP and NADPH
    • The Calvin Cycle: Making Sugar from Carbon Dioxide
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Creating a Better Biofuel Factory

UNIT 2: GENETICS

  1. Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Life with and without Sex
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Virgin Birth of a Shark
    • What Cell Reproduction Accomplishes
    • The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
    • Eukaryotic Chromosomes
    • The Cell Cycle
    • Mitosis and Cytokinesis
    • Cancer Cells: Dividing Out of Control
    • Meiosis, the Basis of Sexual Reproduction
    • Homologous Chromosomes
    • Gametes and the Life Cycle of a Sexual Organism
    • The Process of Meiosis
    • Review: Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis
    • The Origins of Genetic Variation
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Do All Animals Have Sex?
    • When Meiosis Goes Wrong
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Advantages of Sex
  1. Patterns of Inheritance
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Dog Breeding
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Darwin's Dogs
    • Genetics and Heredity
    • In an Abbey Garden
    • Mendel's Law of Segregation
    • Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment
    • Using a Testcross to Determine an Unknown Genotype
    • The Rules of Probability
    • Family Pedigrees
    • Human Traits Controlled by a Single Gene
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: What Is the Genetic Basis of Short Legs in Dogs?
    • Variations on Mendel's Laws
    • Incomplete Dominance in Plants and People
    • ABO Blood Groups: An Example of Multiple Alleles and Codominance
    • Pleiotropy and Sickle-Cell Disease
    • Polygenic Inheritance
    • Epigenetics and the Role of Environment
    • The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
    • Linked Genes
    • Sex Determination in Humans
    • Sex-Linked Genes
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Barking Up the Evolutionary Tree
  1. The Structure and Function of DNA
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Deadly Viruses
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: The Global Threat of Zika Virus
    • DNA: Structure and Replication
    • DNA and RNA Structure
    • Watson and Crick's Discovery of the Double Helix
    • DNA Replication
    • From DNA to RNA to Protein
    • How an Organism's Genotype Determines Its Phenotype
    • From Nucleotides to Amino Acids: An Overview
    • The Genetic Code
    • Transcription: From DNA to RNA
    • The Processing of Eukaryotic RNA
    • Translation: The Players
    • Translation: The Process
    • Review: DNA S RNA S Protein
    • Mutations
    • Viruses and Other Noncellular Infectious Agents
    • Bacteriophages
    • Plant Viruses
    • Animal Viruses
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Can DNA and RNA Vaccines Protect Against Viruses?
    • HIV, the AIDS Virus
    • Prions
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Emerging Viruses
  1. How Genes Are Controlled
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Cancer
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Breast Cancer and Chemotherapy
    • How and Why Genes Are Regulated
    • Gene Regulation in Bacteria
    • Gene Regulation in Eukaryotic Cells
    • Cell Signaling
    • Homeotic Genes
    • Visualizing Gene Expression
    • Cloning Plants and Animals
    • The Genetic Potential of Cells
    • Reproductive Cloning of Animals
    • Therapeutic Cloning and Stem Cells
    • The Genetic Basis of Cancer
    • Genes That Cause Cancer
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Can Avatars Improve Cancer Treatment?
    • Cancer Risk and Prevention
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Evolution of Cancer in the Body
  1. DNA Technology
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • DNA Profiling
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Using DNA to Establish Guilt and Innocence
    • Genetic Engineering
    • Recombinant DNA Techniques
    • Gene Editing
    • Medical Applications
    • Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture
    • Human Gene Therapy
    • DNA Profiling and Forensic Science
    • DNA Profiling Techniques
    • Investigating Murder, Paternity, and Ancient DNA
    • Bioinformatics
    • DNA Sequencing
    • Genomics
    • Genome-Mapping Techniques
    • The Human Genome
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Did Nic Have a Deadly Gene?
    • Applied Genomics
    • Systems Biology
    • Safety and Ethical Issues
    • The Controversy over Genetically Modified Foods
    • Ethical Questions Raised by Human DNA Technologies
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Y Chromosome as a Window on History

UNIT 3: EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY

  1. How Populations Evolve
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Evolution in Action
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Mosquitoes and Evolution
    • The Diversity of Life
    • Naming and Classifying the Diversity of Life
    • Explaining the Diversity of Life
    • Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species
    • Darwin's Journey
    • Darwin's Theory
    • Evidence of Evolution
    • Evidence from Fossils
    • Evidence from Homologies
    • Evolutionary Trees
    • Natural Selection as the Mechanism for Evolution
    • Natural Selection in Action
    • Key Points about Natural Selection
    • The Evolution of Populations
    • Sources of Genetic Variation
    • Populations as the Units of Evolution
    • Analyzing Gene Pools
    • Population Genetics and Health Science
    • Microevolution as Change in a Gene Pool
    • Mechanisms of Evolution
    • Natural Selection
    • Genetic Drift
    • Gene Flow
    • Natural Selection: A Closer Look
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Did Natural Selection Shape the Beaks of Darwin's Finches?
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Rising Threat of Antibiotic Resistance
  1. How Biological Diversity Evolves
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Evolution in the Human-Dominated World
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Humanity's Footprint
    • The Origin of Species
    • What Is a Species?
    • Reproductive Barriers between Species
    • Mechanisms of Speciation
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Do Human Activities Facilitate Speciation?
    • Earth History and Macroevolution
    • The Fossil Record
    • Plate Tectonics and Biogeography
    • Mass Extinctions and Explosive Diversifications of Life
    • Mechanisms of Macroevolution
    • Large Effects from Small Genetic Changes
    • The Evolution of Biological Novelty
    • Classifying the Diversity of Life
    • Classification and Phylogeny
    • Classification: A Work in Progress
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Evolution in the Anthropocene
  1. The Evolution of Microbial Life
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Human Microbiota
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Our Invisible Inhabitants
    • Major Episodes in the History of Life
    • The Origin of Life
    • A Four-Stage Hypothesis for the Origin of Life
    • From Chemical Evolution to Darwinian Evolution
    • Prokaryotes
    • They're Everywhere!
    • The Structure and Function of Prokaryotes
    • The Ecological Impact of Prokaryotes
    • The Two Main Branches of Prokaryotic Evolution: Bacteria and Archaea
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Are Intestinal Microbiota to Blame for Obesity?
    • Protists
    • Protozoans
    • Slime Molds
    • Unicellular and Colonial Algae
    • Seaweeds
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Sweet Life of Streptococcus mutans
  1. The Evolution of Plants and Fungi
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Plant-Fungus Interactions
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: The Diamond of the Kitchen
    • Colonizing Land
    • Terrestrial Adaptations of Plants
    • Plant Diversity
    • Highlights of Plant Evolution
    • Bryophytes
    • Ferns
    • Gymnosperms
    • Angiosperms
    • Plant Diversity as a Nonrenewable Resource
    • Fungi
    • Characteristics of Fungi=
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: What Killed the Pines?
    • The Ecological Impact of Fungi
    • Commercial Uses of Fungi
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: A Pioneering Partnership
  1. The Evolution of Animals
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Human Evolution
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Evolving Adaptability
    • The Origins of Animal Diversity
    • What Is an Animal?
    • Early Animals and the Cambrian Explosion
    • Animal Phylogeny
    • Major Invertebrate Phyla
    • Sponges
    • Cnidarians
    • Molluscs
    • Flatworms
    • Annelids
    • Roundworms
    • Arthropods
    • Echinoderms
    • Vertebrate Evolution and Diversity
    • Characteristics of Chordates
    • Fishes
    • Amphibians
    • Reptiles
    • Mammals
    • The Human Ancestry
    • The Evolution of Primates
    • The Emergence of Humankind
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: What Can Lice Tell Us About Ancient Humans
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Are We Still Evolving?

UNIT 4: ECOLOGY

  1. An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Climate Change
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Penguins, Polar Bears, and People in Peril
    • An Overview of Ecology
    • Ecology and Environmentalism
    • A Hierarchy of Interactions
    • Living in Earth's Diverse Environments
    • Abiotic Factors of the Biosphere
    • The Evolutionary Adaptations of Organisms
    • Adjusting to Environmental Variability
    • Biomes
    • Freshwater Biomes
    • Marine Biomes
    • How Climate Affects Terrestrial Biome Distribution
    • Terrestrial Biomes
    • The Water Cycle
    • Human Impact on Biomes
    • Climate Change
    • The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
    • The Accumulation of Greenhouse Gases
    • Effects of Climate Change on Ecosystems
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: How Does Climate Change Affect Species Distribution?
    • Looking to Our Future
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Climate Change as an Agent of Natural Selection
  1. Population Ecology
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Biological Invasions
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Invasion of the Lionfish
    • An Overview of Population Ecology
    • Population Density
    • Population Age Structure
    • Life Tables and Survivorship Curves
    • Life History Traits as Adaptations
    • Population Growth Models
    • The Exponential Population Growth Model: The Ideal of an Unlimited Environment
    • The Logistic Population Growth Model: The Reality of a Limited
    • Environment
    • Regulation of Population Growth
    • Applications of Population Ecology
    • Conservation of Endangered Species
    • Sustainable Resource Management
    • Invasive Species
    • Biological Control of Pests
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Can Fences Stop Cane Toads?
    • Integrated Pest ManagementHuman Population Growth
    • The History of Human Population Growth
    • Age Structures
    • Our Ecological Footprint
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Humans as an Invasive Species
  1. Communities and Ecosystems
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Importance of Biodiversity
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Why Biodiversity Matters
    • Biodiversity
    • Genetic Diversity
    • Species Diversity
    • Ecosystem Diversity
    • Causes of Declining Biodiversity
    • Community Ecology
    • Interspecific Interactions
    • Trophic Structure
    • Species Diversity in Communities
    • Disturbances and Succession in Communities
    • Ecological Succession
    • Ecosystem Ecology
    • Energy Flow in Ecosystems
    • Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems
    • Conservation and Restoration Biology
    • Biodiversity "Hot Spots"
    • Conservation at the Ecosystem Level
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Does Biodiversity Protect Human Health?
    • Restoring Ecosystems
    • The Goal of Sustainable Development
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Saving the Hot Spots

UNIT 5: ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

  1. Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Controlling Body Temperature
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: An Avoidable Tragedy
    • The Structural Organization of Animals
    • Anatomy and Physiology
    • Tissues
    • Organs and Organ Systems
    • Exchanges with the External Environment
    • Regulating the Internal Environment
    • Homeostasis
    • Negative and Positive Feedback
    • Thermoregulation
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: How Does a Python Warm Her Eggs?
    • Osmoregulation
    • Homeostasis in the Urinary System
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Adaptations for Thermoregulation
  1. Nutrition and Digestion
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Controlling Your Weight
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: The "Secret" to Shedding Pounds
    • An Overview of Animal Nutrition
    • Animal Diets
    • The Four Stages of Food Processing
    • Digestive Compartments
    • A Tour of the Human Digestive System
    • System Map
    • The Mouth
    • The Pharynx
    • The Esophagus
    • The Stomach
    • The Small Intestine
    • The Human Microbiome
    • The Large Intestine
    • Human Nutritional Requirements
    • Food as Fuel
    • Food as Building Material
    • Decoding Food Labels
    • Nutritional Disorders
    • Malnutrition
    • Eating Disorders
    • Obesity
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Can a Gene Make You Fat?
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Fat and Sugar Cravings
  1. Circulation and Respiration
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Athletic Endurance
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Avoiding "The Wall"
    • Unifying Concepts of Animal Circulation
    • The Human Cardiovascular System
    • The Path of Blood
    • How the Heart Works
    • Blood Vessels
    • Blood
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Live High, Train Low?
    • Cardiovascular Disease
    • Unifying Concepts of Animal Respiration
    • The Human Respiratory System
    • The Path of Air
    • The Brain's Control over Breathing
    • The Role of Hemoglobin in Gas Transport
    • The Toll of Smoking on the Lungs
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Evolving Endurance
  1. The Body's Defenses
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Vaccines
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Herd Immunity
    • An Overview of the Immune System
    • Innate Immunity
    • External Innate Defenses
    • Internal Innate Defenses
    • The Lymphatic System
    • Circulatory Function
    • Immune Function
    • Adaptive Immunity
    • Step 1: Recognizing the Invaders
    • Step 2: Cloning the Responders
    • Step 3: Responding to Invaders
    • Step 4: Remembering Invaders
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: How Do We Know Vaccines Work?
    • Immune Disorders
    • Allergies
    • Autoimmune Diseases
    • Immuno-deficiency Diseases
    • AIDS
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Viral Evolution versus the Flu Vaccine
  1. Hormones
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Steroid Abuse
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Baseball's Ongoing Steroid Problem
    • Hormones: An Overview
    • The Human Endocrine System
    • The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
    • The Thyroid and Metabolism
    • The Pancreas and Blood Glucose
    • The Adrenal Glands and Stress
    • The Gonads and Sex Hormones
    • Mimicking Sex Hormones
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Do 'Roids Cause Rage?
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Steroids and Male Aggression
  1. Reproduction and Development
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • High-Tech Babies
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: New Ways of Making Babies
    • Unifying Concepts of Animal Reproduction
    • Asexual Reproduction
    • Sexual Reproduction
    • Human Reproduction
    • Male Reproductive Anatomy
    • Female Reproductive Anatomy
    • Gametogenesis
    • The Female Reproductive Cycle
    • Reproductive Health
    • Contraception
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Human Development
    • Fertilization by Sperm
    • Basic Concepts of Embryonic Development
    • Pregnancy and Early Development
    • The Stages of Pregnancy
    • Childbirth
    • Reproductive Technologies
    • Infertility
    • In Vitro Fertilization
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Are Babies Conceived through In Vitro Fertilization as
    • Healthy as Babies Conceived Naturally?
    • The Ethics of IVF
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The "Grandmother Hypothesis"
  1. Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Neurotoxins
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Medicinal Poisons
    • An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems
    • Neurons
    • Organization of Nervous Systems
    • Sending a Signal through a Neuron
    • Passing a Signal from a Neuron to a Receiving Cell
    • The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look
    • The Central Nervous System
    • The Peripheral Nervous System
    • The Human Brain
    • The Senses
    • Sensory Input
    • Vision
    • Hearing
    • Locomotor Systems
    • The Skeletal System
    • The Muscular System
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Can Botulism Toxin Prevent Headaches?
    • Stimulus and Response: Putting It All Together
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: A Neurotoxin Arms Race

UNIT 6: PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

  1. The Life of a Flowering Plant
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • Agriculture
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: The Buzz on Coffee Plants
    • The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant
    • Monocots and Eudicots
    • Roots, Stems, and Leaves
    • Plant Tissues and Tissue Systems
    • Plant Cells
    • Plant Growth
    • Primary Growth: Lengthening
    • Secondary Growth: Thickening
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: What Happened to the Lost Colony of Roanoke?
    • The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant
    • The Flower
    • Overview of the Flowering Plant Life Cycle
    • Pollination and Fertilization
    • Seed Formation
    • Fruit Formation
    • Seed Germination
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Problem of the Disappearing Bees
  1. The Working Plant
    • CHAPTER THREAD
    • The Interdependence of Organisms
    • BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Planting Hope in the Wake of Disaster
    • How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients
    • Plant Nutrition
    • From the Soil into the Roots
    • The Role of Bacteria in Nitrogen Nutrition
    • The Transport of Water
    • The Transport of Sugars
    • THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Can the Pressure Flow Mechanism Be Directly Measured?
    • Economic Uses of Plant Transport Products
    • Plant Hormones
    • Auxins
    • Cytokinins
    • Ethylene
    • Gibberellins
    • Abscisic Acid
    • Response to Stimuli
    • Tropisms
    • Photoperiodism
    • EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Plants, Bugs, and People

APPENDICES

  • A. Metric Conversion Table
  • B. The Periodic Table
  • C. Credits
  • D. Selected Answers

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