Table of contents
- 0. Review of College Algebra4h 43m
- 1. Measuring Angles39m
- 2. Trigonometric Functions on Right Triangles2h 5m
- 3. Unit Circle1h 19m
- 4. Graphing Trigonometric Functions1h 19m
- 5. Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Basic Trigonometric Equations1h 41m
- 6. Trigonometric Identities and More Equations2h 34m
- 7. Non-Right Triangles1h 38m
- 8. Vectors2h 25m
- 9. Polar Equations2h 5m
- 10. Parametric Equations1h 6m
- 11. Graphing Complex Numbers1h 7m
4. Graphing Trigonometric Functions
Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions
4:47 minutes
Problem 49b
Textbook Question
In Exercises 43–52, determine the amplitude, period, and phase shift of each function. Then graph one period of the function. y = −3 cos (2x − π/2)
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1
Identify the standard form of the cosine function: \( y = a \cos(bx - c) + d \).
Determine the amplitude by taking the absolute value of \( a \). Here, \( a = -3 \), so the amplitude is \( |a| = 3 \).
Find the period of the function using the formula \( \frac{2\pi}{b} \). In this case, \( b = 2 \), so the period is \( \frac{2\pi}{2} = \pi \).
Calculate the phase shift using \( \frac{c}{b} \). Here, \( c = \frac{\pi}{2} \) and \( b = 2 \), so the phase shift is \( \frac{\pi/2}{2} = \frac{\pi}{4} \). Since the phase shift is positive, the graph shifts to the right.
Graph one period of the function by starting at the phase shift \( \frac{\pi}{4} \) and using the amplitude and period to plot key points, such as maximum, minimum, and intercepts, over the interval \( \left[ \frac{\pi}{4}, \frac{\pi}{4} + \pi \right] \).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Amplitude
Amplitude refers to the maximum distance a wave reaches from its central axis or equilibrium position. In the context of cosine functions, it is determined by the coefficient in front of the cosine term. For the function y = -3 cos(2x - π/2), the amplitude is 3, indicating that the wave oscillates 3 units above and below the central axis.
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Period
The period of a trigonometric function is the length of one complete cycle of the wave. It can be calculated using the formula P = 2π / |B|, where B is the coefficient of x in the function. For the given function y = -3 cos(2x - π/2), the period is π, meaning the function completes one full cycle over an interval of π units along the x-axis.
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Phase Shift
Phase shift refers to the horizontal displacement of a periodic function from its standard position. It is calculated using the formula φ = C/B, where C is the constant added or subtracted inside the function, and B is the coefficient of x. In the function y = -3 cos(2x - π/2), the phase shift is π/4 to the right, indicating that the graph is shifted horizontally from the origin.
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