5. Consciousness and Sleep

True or False: if false, choose the answer that best corrects the statement.

Circadian rhythms describes the variation in body temperature.

Which of the following statements are true about the sleep cycle.

I. The sleep cycle refers to the 24-hour cycle of sleeping and waking.

II. On average, people go through 4-6 cycles per night.

III. The sleep cycle has two general phases.

Select the answer choice that correctly defines the EEG feature.

Which of the following statements are true about sleep patterns?

I. Stages 3 & 4 gets longer as the night goes on.

II. Each sleep cycle typically last between 90-120 minutes.

III. REM cycles get longer as the night goes on.

James is a graduate student working in a sleep lab. He is analyzing EEGs, focusing on the height of the waves. Based on this information, what specific aspect of the EEGs is James studying?

Which of the following situations best demonstrates waking consciousness?

On Yan's walk to campus one morning, she was thinking about what a nice day it was, how many people were already on campus, and how she had to stop by the bookstore on her way to class. Yan was experiencing

When under the influence of a stimulant, you are likely to be in a state of

Antwon cannot seem to focus in class today. Though he is not asleep, his mind appears to be drifting off, leading to thoughts of his girlfriend, his job, and upcoming events of the day. Antwon appears to be in which of the following states of consciousness?

Marion takes 20 minutes daily to sit by herself and meditate. A fully meditative state is a form of

Driving and talking on a cell phone at the same time is an example of a state of

Which of the following statements about the circadian rhythm is true?

As _____ accumulates in the body, a person will begin to feel sleepy.

The higher the body temperature, the _____ people are.

According to research, which of the following individuals might need the least amount of sleep?

Natural cycles of activity that bodies must go through are called

The _____ is the internal clock that tells people when to wake up and when to fall asleep.

Which of the following parts of the body controls the sleep-wake cycle?

An example of a biological rhythm is

Eventually, everyone must sleep due to our

When a person is slightly sleep deprived, _____ tasks will suffer less than _____ tasks.

The _____ theory of sleep says that sleep is a product of evolution.

Carmen stayed up all night studying, getting only about two hours of sleep total. While she was able to finish her exam, she was unable to focus, and much of what she had studied the night before seemed to be forgotten. Carmen's inability to remember and to stay focused during her exam is most likely due to

In studies in which volunteers spend several days without access to information about day or night, their sleep–wake cycles

Predators such as lions sleep _____ their prey, the gazelle.

In the early stages of sleep, _____ waves appear.

Many researchers believe that reports of ghostly visions and alien abductions can be explained by _____ during N1 sleep.

The body is at its lowest level of functioning during _____ sleep.

Which of the following statements about REM sleep is true?

Nearly _____ percent of a baby's sleep is REM, compared to about _____ percent for a normal, healthy adult.

Mateo is often a victim of bad dreams, frequently centered around being left at a store or getting lost at an amusement park. He sometimes wakes up from them, and calls for his parents to help him calm down. Mateo is experiencing

Night terrors are experienced

If the brain-wave pattern of a person playing a professional game of chess was recorded using an electroencephalogram (EEG), what type of brain waves would most likely be detected?

Janice is dreaming about walking her dog. However, in her dream, her dog is flying, the sidewalk is moving, and she has no awareness that this activity is odd. Janice is probably in _____ sleep.

Four-year-old Denise was sound asleep. Suddenly, without warning, she sat straight up and began to scream. Her mother tried to calm her down with no success. Finally, after about 45 seconds of what appeared to be a panic attack, Denise quietly lied back down. When morning came and Denise awoke, she could not remember anything that had happened during the night. It is likely that Denise experienced

Last night, Kayla thought she was awakened by a noise she heard outside of her bedroom door. When she tried to get up to see what was going on, she found she could not move. She tried to scream but could not make a sound. After several minutes, she was finally able to sit up and wondered what had just happened. The best explanation for Kayla's experience, according to sleep researchers, is that she experienced

Delta waves are predominant in which stage of sleep?

Which of the statements about night terrors is correct?

A person has entered N3 sleep when delta waves account for _____ percent or more of brain wave activity.

A hypnic jerk is likely to occur during

The heart rate slows, breathing becomes more shallow and irregular, and an EEG would show the first signs of sleep spindles in _____ sleep.

Pieter was lying on the couch and had fallen asleep when all of a sudden his body jerked, and he woke up because he felt like he was falling. Pieter was most likely in which stage of sleep?

Nightmares are more common in children than in adults because

Insomnia can be helped by

Which statement about sleep apnea is true?

Belen often experiences "sleep seizures" during the day. He probably suffers from

While in the middle of a conversation with his co-worker, Jackson unexpectedly slipped into a state of sleep, falling to the floor as he lost control of all the muscles in his body. Jackson appears to have a condition called

A person with sleep apnea

_____ has been used as a successful defense in some murder trials.

Sleep apnea has been shown to cause

A sudden loss of muscle tone is called

Melatonin supplements are often used to treat