Jonah and Jonathan are twin brothers. Jonah is a compulsive gum chewer and nail biter, while his brother Jonathan is a two-pack-a-day smoker and heavy drinker. Sigmund Freud would say that both brothers appear to be stuck in the _____ stage of personality development.

• A. oral
• B. anal
• C. phallic
• D. latency

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the behaviors exhibited by Jonah and Jonathan: compulsive gum chewing, nail biting, smoking, and heavy drinking.
2. Recall Sigmund Freud's stages of psychosexual development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
3. Understand that the oral stage is characterized by pleasure centers on the mouth, such as sucking, biting, and chewing.
4. Recognize that both brothers' behaviors (gum chewing, nail biting, smoking, and drinking) are related to oral activities.
5. Conclude that Freud would likely suggest that both brothers are fixated in the oral stage of personality development due to their oral-focused behaviors.