Marcos and his friends enjoy watching football together on Sundays. After some of the games are over, Marcos tells his friends that he knew all along who would win the game. His belief that he could predict the outcome of some of the games without having been told the winners in advance is an example of

• A. encoding specificity.
• B. the primacy effect.
• C. the misinformation effect.
• D. hindsight bias.