In Köhler's experiment, Sultan the chimp first used just one stick that was lying in his cage to rake the banana into the cage, and then he learned to fit two sticks together to reach a banana placed farther away. This was an example of

• A. classical conditioning.
• B. trial-and-error learning.
• C. insight.
• D. latent learning.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the context of Köhler's experiment: Köhler was a Gestalt psychologist who studied problem-solving in chimpanzees, focusing on their ability to use tools and solve problems without trial-and-error learning.
2. Identify the key behavior exhibited by Sultan the chimp: Sultan used a stick to reach a banana, and later combined two sticks to reach a banana placed farther away.
3. Recognize the concept of 'insight': Insight learning involves a sudden realization of a problem's solution, often without prior trial-and-error. It is characterized by a clear understanding of how to solve a problem by reorganizing the elements of the problem in a new way.
4. Differentiate insight from other learning types: Classical conditioning involves learning through association, trial-and-error involves repeated attempts to solve a problem, and latent learning involves knowledge that becomes apparent only when there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
5. Conclude that Sultan's behavior is an example of insight learning: Sultan's ability to combine sticks to solve a new problem demonstrates a sudden understanding of how to use available tools in a novel way, which is characteristic of insight learning.