For classical conditioning to be effective, the conditioned stimulus must be

• A. food.
• B. startling.
• C. distinctive.
• D. positive.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of classical conditioning: Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired. A response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
2. Identify the key components of classical conditioning: These include the unconditioned stimulus (US), unconditioned response (UR), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR).
3. Recognize the role of the conditioned stimulus (CS): The CS is initially neutral and does not elicit the unconditioned response until it is paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
4. Consider the characteristics of an effective conditioned stimulus: For classical conditioning to be effective, the CS must be distinctive. This means it should stand out and be easily distinguishable from other stimuli.
5. Reflect on why distinctiveness is important: A distinctive CS ensures that the subject can easily associate it with the unconditioned stimulus, facilitating the learning process and strengthening the conditioned response.