_____ is the classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person.

• A. Operant conditioning
• B. Vicarious conditioning
• C. Shaping
• D. Conditioned learning

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the key concept in the problem: The problem is asking about a type of classical conditioning that involves observing another person's reaction.
2. Understand the term 'classical conditioning': This is a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired, and a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
3. Recognize the role of observation in the context of conditioning: In this scenario, the learning occurs by observing the reactions of another person, rather than through direct experience.
4. Define 'vicarious conditioning': This is a form of learning where an individual acquires a conditioned response by observing the reactions of another person, rather than through direct personal experience.
5. Differentiate from other types of conditioning: Ensure understanding that operant conditioning involves learning through rewards and punishments, while shaping involves reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior, and conditioned learning is a broader term that can encompass various forms of learning, including classical and operant conditioning.