Noah is a junior in college and has always been an average student. This semester, he has a political science class for which he feels very passionate, and he sees himself pursuing a career in politics. For the first time, he wants to do well so that he can get an "A." This is an example of which element of observational learning?

• A. Attention
• B. Memory
• C. Imitation
• D. Desire

Answer: (D)

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1. Observational learning involves several key elements: attention, memory, imitation, and desire.
2. Attention refers to the focus on the behavior being observed. In Noah's case, his passion for political science likely enhances his attention to the subject matter.
3. Memory involves retaining the information observed. Noah's interest in politics may help him remember the material better.
4. Imitation is the ability to replicate the observed behavior. While Noah may imitate study habits or techniques, this is not the primary focus here.
5. Desire, or motivation, is the drive to perform the behavior. Noah's newfound passion and career aspirations in politics create a strong desire to excel, making 'Desire' the correct element in this context.