Functionalism was heavily influenced by…

• A. The idea of philosophical materialism.
• B. Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
• C. John Locke’s theory that humans are born as blank slates.
• D. Ivan Pavlov’s original experiments demonstrating classical conditioning in dogs.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the context of Functionalism in psychology, which focuses on the purpose of consciousness and behavior.
2. Recognize that Functionalism was developed as a reaction to Structuralism, emphasizing the function of mental processes rather than their structure.
3. Identify the key influences on Functionalism, particularly the impact of evolutionary theory.
4. Consider Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, which posits that traits that enhance survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed on to future generations.
5. Connect Darwin's theory to Functionalism, as it emphasizes the adaptive purpose of mental and behavioral processes, aligning with the idea that psychological traits have evolved to solve problems related to survival and reproduction.