In Carl Rogers's view, problems arise when

• A. a person's view of self is distorted or the ideal self is impossible to attain.
• B. the real self and the ideal self are too similar.
• C. a person is fixed within a certain stage.
• D. a person is out of alignment with the persona.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand Carl Rogers's theory of self-concept, which includes the real self and the ideal self.
2. Recognize that problems arise when there is a significant discrepancy between the real self (how a person currently perceives themselves) and the ideal self (how they would like to be).
3. Identify that a distorted view of self or an unattainable ideal self can lead to feelings of incongruence, which is central to Rogers's theory.
4. Consider that Rogers believed congruence between the real self and the ideal self is essential for psychological well-being.
5. Note that the other options, such as being fixed within a stage or out of alignment with the persona, are not central to Rogers's theory, which focuses on self-concept and congruence.