Hey, everyone, and welcome back. So up to this point, we've been talking about the 4 main types of conic sections and the various shapes you can get. The shapes that we've covered have been the circle, ellipse, and parabola. And in recent videos, we've been talking about this last shape, which is the hyperbola. Now all the hyperbolas we've dealt with so far have been centered at the origin of the graph. But the question becomes, what happens if we deal with a hyperbola that is centered at some new location that's not at the origin? Now, unfortunately, when this happens, the equation and graph are going to change. And some of these problems can be a bit tedious to solve because of that, but don't sweat it. Because in this video, we're going to be going over some examples. And I think you're going to find that the way that the equation graph changes is very similar to what we've already learned with how the ellipse changes, as well as what we've learned with function transformation. So without further ado, let's get right into things.
Now the equation for a hyperbola that is centered at the origin looks like this. This is the standard equation. And if you have a hyperbola that is not at the origin, meaning it's shifted to some new location, then the equation looks like that. Now you might notice that these equations are basically the same. The only real difference is that we now have an and a that's being subtracted from the and , respectively. And this and mean the exact same things that they've always meant with transformations or with the ellipse shift, where is the horizontal position and is the vertical position with respect to where the origin is.
Now to make sure this equation makes sense, let's actually try an example where we have to graph a hyperbola that is not at the origin. So in this example, we are given the equation of a hyperbola, and we're asked to graph it over here. Now, the first thing we should do is determine whether we have a horizontal or vertical hyperbola. Now by looking at this equation, I noticed that the first thing that we see is a . Because the second thing, we have this minus sign here, and so it's always the positive minus whatever this term is. And since the shows up first here, that means that we're going to have a vertical hyperbola because it's like it it's not necessarily on the -axis, but it's vertically oriented.
So this means for the first step, this is a vertical hyperbola. Now our next step is going to be to find the center . And to do that, we can use the equation we just discussed. Notice that is what is subtracted from the . And here we have one subtracted from the , so is equal to 1. And notice that is subtracted from the . And in this equation, the would be 2. And going down to our graph, horizontally, we'd be over to this 2. And vertically, we would be between 0 and 2, which is right about there. So this would be the center at .
Now our third step is going to be to find the vertices. And since we're dealing with a vertical hyperbola, we're going to use these coordinates. Now what I first am gonna do is find this value. And I can do this by looking at whatever this first positive term is and recognizing that that is equal to . So is gonna equal 9 and then if I take the square root on both sides of this equation we'll get that is the square root of 9 which is 3. Now what I can see here from these coordinates is that is gonna stay constant for both of these, so is 2. So we're gonna have 2 for both of these. And then for we're going to add and subtract . Well we said that is 1, and then if I go ahead and add to it, we're gonna have 1 plus 3 which is 4, and what I can do is take our 1 and subtract 3 which will give us negative 2. So our coordinates are going to be over at , and our coordinates are going to be at which is down there.
Now our next step asks us to find the points. And since the vertices were up and down our points are going to be to the left and right. So what I can do is recognize if we're just going to the left and right, then the vertical position 1 is going to stay constant. But the horizontal position is going to change, so we have and . Now what I need to do here is figure out what is. And is going to be the second term because is equal to whatever the second number is, whatever the minus signs in front of it, and that's 16. And what I can do is take the square root on both sides to get is the square root of 16, which is 4. Now what I can do is take our , which is 2, and add 4 to it, and that's going to give us positive 6. And then I can take our and subtract 4 from it, and 4 minus 4 gives us negative 2. So the points are going to be at which is right about over here, and then it's also going to be at which is back there.
Now our next step is going to be to find the asymptotes. And in order to find the asymptotes, what we first need to do is draw a box that connects these four points. So if I go ahead and draw this box, this is going to help us in drawing the asymptotes. And now to find the asymptotes, we need to draw lines through the corners of the box. We're gonna specifically draw these dotted lines. One line is going to go through this corner, and then the other line is going to go through the other corner of the box like this. So these are the 2 asymptotes, and our last step is going to be to draw branches at the vertices that approach the asymptotes. So the first branch is going to look something like this where it starts at the vertice or the vertex point and then it approaches these asymptotes we just drew. And the other branch is going to be below this box which is gonna look something like that. So these are gonna be the 2 branches for this hyperbola.
And now what we also can do, now that we have our hyperbola graphed, is we can find the foci. And again, we're dealing with a vertical hyperbola, so the foci coordinates are going to look like that. And for the foci notice that our is gonna stay the same, so is gonna be 2 for both of these, but our we need to add and subtract . And recall for , well, is equal to plus . And we already discussed how is gonna be this first thing that we see in the denominator which is 9, and then our is the second thing that we see which is 16. And so we'll have is 25, that's 9 plus 16. And if we take the square root on both sides, we'll get that is equal to the square root of 25, which is 5. So what I can do is add 5 to , and we said that was 1. So 5 plus 1 will give us 6, and then we can go ahead and take our value and subtract 5, and that's going to give us negative 4. So the foci on our graph, one's gonna be at , which here's 2 and then we go up to 6. And the other foci or focus point is going to be at . If we go down to 2 and then negative 4, that's going to be our other foci right there. So that is how you can find the foci as well as graph the hyperbola. Hope you found this video helpful. Thanks for watching.