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During an isothermal and reversible process, 1 mole of helium gas, initially having a velocity distribution probability f(v), expands to occupy double its original volume. What is the change in the velocity distribution probability due to the isothermal expansion?
An ice cream cake at -18 °C left out in the kitchen melts within 30 minutes. The temperature in the kitchen is 30 °C. The kitchen-ice cream system is considered isolated, and the kitchen temperature is assumed constant. Without using calculations, state if this is a reversible or an irreversible process and identify the sign of the entropy variation.
What change in entropy (ΔS) occurs when a butter cube of mass 6.9 g at 35 °C is totally melted? Butter melts at 35 °C and has a latent heat of fusion of 60 J/g.
A 150 g piece of solid wax at 40°C is placed on an 80°C metal plate. Determine the entropy changes of (i) the molten wax, (ii) the metal plate, and (iii) the universe, assuming that the temperature of the metal plate remains constant as the wax melts and subsequently reaches thermal equilibrium. Take the latent heat of fusion of wax to be 2.0 × 105 J/kg, specific heat to be 2100 J/(kg.K), and its melting temperature to be 40°C.
A new diatomic gas called Zogon is discovered. Zogon has a molar mass of 25.0 g/mol and a boiling point of -171°C. A 350. mL sample of liquid Zogon, with a density of 980. kg/m3, changes to gas at constant pressure and reaches 45.0 °C. Zogon's latent heat of vaporization is 1.89 × 105 J/kg. Find the entropy change for Zogon.
At an initial temperature of 300°C, a 50 g sample of a recently identified monoatomic gas, "Novagium," undergoes an isobaric transformation. The molar mass of Novagium is 25 g/mol. During this process, the entropy of the Novagium increases by 40 J/K. Calculate the final temperature of the gas in this scenario in Kelvins (K).
Determine the entropy change of (i) the gas and (ii) the whole system during a cooling process where a chef is trying to create a refreshing culinary experience. The chef brings a 3.0 mol sample of nitrogen gas in a 4.0 L rigid container down from 100°C to 25°C by putting it in a large basin of water at 25°C.