Table of contents
- 0. Math Review(0)
- 1. Intro to Physics Units(0)
- 2. 1D Motion / Kinematics(0)
- Vectors, Scalars, & Displacement(0)
- Average Velocity(0)
- Intro to Acceleration(0)
- Position-Time Graphs & Velocity(0)
- Conceptual Problems with Position-Time Graphs(0)
- Velocity-Time Graphs & Acceleration(0)
- Calculating Displacement from Velocity-Time Graphs(0)
- Conceptual Problems with Velocity-Time Graphs(0)
- Calculating Change in Velocity from Acceleration-Time Graphs(0)
- Graphing Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Graphs(0)
- Kinematics Equations(0)
- Vertical Motion and Free Fall(0)
- Catch/Overtake Problems(0)
- 3. Vectors(0)
- Review of Vectors vs. Scalars(0)
- Introduction to Vectors(0)
- Adding Vectors Graphically(0)
- Vector Composition & Decomposition(0)
- Adding Vectors by Components(0)
- Trig Review(0)
- Unit Vectors(0)
- Introduction to Dot Product (Scalar Product)(0)
- Calculating Dot Product Using Components(0)
- Intro to Cross Product (Vector Product)(0)
- Calculating Cross Product Using Components(0)
- 4. 2D Kinematics(0)
- 5. Projectile Motion(0)
- 6. Intro to Forces (Dynamics)(0)
- 7. Friction, Inclines, Systems(0)
- 8. Centripetal Forces & Gravitation(0)
- Uniform Circular Motion(0)
- Period and Frequency in Uniform Circular Motion(0)
- Centripetal Forces(0)
- Vertical Centripetal Forces(0)
- Flat Curves(0)
- Banked Curves(0)
- Newton's Law of Gravity(0)
- Gravitational Forces in 2D(0)
- Acceleration Due to Gravity(0)
- Satellite Motion: Intro(0)
- Satellite Motion: Speed & Period(0)
- Geosynchronous Orbits(0)
- Overview of Kepler's Laws(0)
- Kepler's First Law(0)
- Kepler's Third Law(0)
- Kepler's Third Law for Elliptical Orbits(0)
- Gravitational Potential Energy(0)
- Gravitational Potential Energy for Systems of Masses(0)
- Escape Velocity(0)
- Energy of Circular Orbits(0)
- Energy of Elliptical Orbits(0)
- Black Holes(0)
- Gravitational Force Inside the Earth(0)
- Mass Distribution with Calculus(0)
- 9. Work & Energy(0)
- 10. Conservation of Energy(0)
- Intro to Energy Types(0)
- Gravitational Potential Energy(0)
- Intro to Conservation of Energy(0)
- Energy with Non-Conservative Forces(0)
- Springs & Elastic Potential Energy(0)
- Solving Projectile Motion Using Energy(0)
- Motion Along Curved Paths(0)
- Rollercoaster Problems(0)
- Pendulum Problems(0)
- Energy in Connected Objects (Systems)(0)
- Force & Potential Energy(0)
- 11. Momentum & Impulse(0)
- Intro to Momentum(0)
- Intro to Impulse(0)
- Impulse with Variable Forces(0)
- Intro to Conservation of Momentum(0)
- Push-Away Problems(0)
- Types of Collisions(0)
- Completely Inelastic Collisions(0)
- Adding Mass to a Moving System(0)
- Collisions & Motion (Momentum & Energy)(0)
- Ballistic Pendulum(0)
- Collisions with Springs(0)
- Elastic Collisions(0)
- How to Identify the Type of Collision(0)
- Intro to Center of Mass(0)
- 12. Rotational Kinematics(0)
- 13. Rotational Inertia & Energy(0)
- More Conservation of Energy Problems(0)
- Conservation of Energy in Rolling Motion(0)
- Parallel Axis Theorem(0)
- Intro to Moment of Inertia(0)
- Moment of Inertia via Integration(0)
- Moment of Inertia of Systems(0)
- Moment of Inertia & Mass Distribution(0)
- Intro to Rotational Kinetic Energy(0)
- Energy of Rolling Motion(0)
- Types of Motion & Energy(0)
- Conservation of Energy with Rotation(0)
- Torque with Kinematic Equations(0)
- Rotational Dynamics with Two Motions(0)
- Rotational Dynamics of Rolling Motion(0)
- 14. Torque & Rotational Dynamics(0)
- 15. Rotational Equilibrium(0)
- 16. Angular Momentum(0)
- Opening/Closing Arms on Rotating Stool(0)
- Conservation of Angular Momentum(0)
- Angular Momentum & Newton's Second Law(0)
- Intro to Angular Collisions(0)
- Jumping Into/Out of Moving Disc(0)
- Spinning on String of Variable Length(0)
- Angular Collisions with Linear Motion(0)
- Intro to Angular Momentum(0)
- Angular Momentum of a Point Mass(0)
- Angular Momentum of Objects in Linear Motion(0)
- 17. Periodic Motion(0)
- 18. Waves & Sound(0)
- Intro to Waves(0)
- Velocity of Transverse Waves(0)
- Velocity of Longitudinal Waves(0)
- Wave Functions(0)
- Phase Constant(0)
- Average Power of Waves on Strings(0)
- Wave Intensity(0)
- Sound Intensity(0)
- Wave Interference(0)
- Superposition of Wave Functions(0)
- Standing Waves(0)
- Standing Wave Functions(0)
- Standing Sound Waves(0)
- Beats(0)
- The Doppler Effect(0)
- 19. Fluid Mechanics(0)
- 20. Heat and Temperature(0)
- Temperature(0)
- Linear Thermal Expansion(0)
- Volume Thermal Expansion(0)
- Moles and Avogadro's Number(0)
- Specific Heat & Temperature Changes(0)
- Latent Heat & Phase Changes(0)
- Intro to Calorimetry(0)
- Calorimetry with Temperature and Phase Changes(0)
- Advanced Calorimetry: Equilibrium Temperature with Phase Changes(0)
- Phase Diagrams, Triple Points and Critical Points(0)
- Heat Transfer(0)
- 21. Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gases(0)
- 22. The First Law of Thermodynamics(0)
- 23. The Second Law of Thermodynamics(0)
- 24. Electric Force & Field; Gauss' Law(0)
- 25. Electric Potential(0)
- 26. Capacitors & Dielectrics(0)
- 27. Resistors & DC Circuits(0)
- 28. Magnetic Fields and Forces(0)
- 29. Sources of Magnetic Field(0)
- Magnetic Field Produced by Moving Charges(0)
- Magnetic Field Produced by Straight Currents(0)
- Magnetic Force Between Parallel Currents(0)
- Magnetic Force Between Two Moving Charges(0)
- Magnetic Field Produced by Loops and Solenoids(0)
- Toroidal Solenoids aka Toroids(0)
- Biot-Savart Law (Calculus)(0)
- Ampere's Law (Calculus)(0)
- 30. Induction and Inductance(0)
- 31. Alternating Current(0)
- Alternating Voltages and Currents(0)
- RMS Current and Voltage(0)
- Phasors(0)
- Resistors in AC Circuits(0)
- Phasors for Resistors(0)
- Capacitors in AC Circuits(0)
- Phasors for Capacitors(0)
- Inductors in AC Circuits(0)
- Phasors for Inductors(0)
- Impedance in AC Circuits(0)
- Series LRC Circuits(0)
- Resonance in Series LRC Circuits(0)
- Power in AC Circuits(0)
- 32. Electromagnetic Waves(0)
- 33. Geometric Optics(0)
- 34. Wave Optics(0)
- 35. Special Relativity(0)
23. The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Heat Engines & PV Diagrams
23. The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Heat Engines & PV Diagrams: Study with Video Lessons, Practice Problems & Examples
22PRACTICE PROBLEM
A geothermal power plant operates using a Stirling cycle, as shown in the figure. The working fluid is a monatomic gas, and the cycle involves four processes: isothermal expansion at a high temperature using geothermal heat (process 1-2), isochoric cooling from a high temperature to a lower temperature (process 2-3), isothermal compression at a lower temperature using ambient cooling (process 3-4), and isochoric heating from the lower temperature back to the higher temperature using geothermal energy (process 4-1). Determine the efficiency of the cycle in terms of the given temperatures and volumes, and compare it to the Carnot efficiency.
![PV diagram illustrating the Stirling cycle of a geothermal power plant.](data:image/png;base64,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)
A geothermal power plant operates using a Stirling cycle, as shown in the figure. The working fluid is a monatomic gas, and the cycle involves four processes: isothermal expansion at a high temperature using geothermal heat (process 1-2), isochoric cooling from a high temperature to a lower temperature (process 2-3), isothermal compression at a lower temperature using ambient cooling (process 3-4), and isochoric heating from the lower temperature back to the higher temperature using geothermal energy (process 4-1). Determine the efficiency of the cycle in terms of the given temperatures and volumes, and compare it to the Carnot efficiency.