Physics
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A musical note having a fundamental frequency of 300 Hz is played by blowing air into an open-ended bamboo wind instrument. Find the new fundamental frequency (f1, new) if one end is closed with the hand.
An open-ended tube producing a second harmonic frequency of 380 Hz is suddenly closed at one end. Calculate the first harmonic wavelength (λ) of the stopped tube.
A musical instrument consisting of a long metallic conduit has both ends open. The instrument produces a first harmonic frequency of 250 Hz. Find the length (L) of the conduit.
A plumber whistles into the right open end of a metal tube of length 3 m and generates standing waves. Draw a diagram showing the locations of the displacement nodes and antinodes along the tube for the fundamental and first overtone. The left end of the tube is closed.
A woodwind player generates standing waves in a 32-cm flute. The resonating air column is open at both ends. Draw a diagram showing the locations of the displacement nodes and antinodes along the flute for the first and second harmonic.
A longitudinal sound wave generated by an ultrasonic emitter travels along a 3.50 m copper rod in 1.00 ms. The volume of the rod is 1.116 × 10-4 m3 and its mass is 1.00 kg. What is Young's modulus (Y) for copper?
A basketball fan is watching a basketball game on his TV. The TV speaker generates sound waves of 1.2 kHz. The displacement amplitude of the air molecules' vibrations caused by the sound waves is equal to 1.0 × 10-8 m and the pressure amplitude is equal to 3.1 × 10-2 Pa. Find the wavelength (λ) of the waves.
High-frequency sounds are common causes of ear damage, especially for children. The maximum sound pressure the child's ear can tolerate is about 20 Pa. A toy speaker produces pure sine sound waves with a maximum displacement of 0.002 mm. If the bulk modulus of air is B = 1.42 × 105 Pa, i) find the maximum tolerable sound frequency of the produced sound wave to prevent hearing loss. ii) Will children hear at that frequency?
What is the shock wave angle produced in the water just after a high-speed drone traveling at 9500 m/s enters a lake? Assume the water temperature is 25°C. [Hint: the speed of sound in water is 1560 m/s].
A cello string produces a frequency of 650 Hz when vibrating at its second harmonic. If a cellist shortens the effective vibrating length of the string to 80% of its original length by pressing down on the fingerboard, what will be the new fundamental frequency of the string?
Determine whether a specific flute design is open or closed and what it's length will be if it is surrounded by air at a temperature of 22.5°C and produces successive harmonics at 408 Hz and 452 Hz?
What is the fundamental frequency of a uniform narrow 1.60 m long tuning pipe, that is open at both ends, and resonates at two successive harmonics of 285 Hz and 340 Hz?
A violin string is 0.32 m long and is tuned to play D above middle C (290 Hz). A fret is at a particular distance from the end of the string on which if the finger is placed G above middle C (390 Hz) can be played. Calculate the wavelength on the string of this 390-Hz wave.
An instrument called a Sitar has strings that are generally about half a meter long. One such string plays D (294 Hz) when untouched but can be made to play E (330 Hz) if fingered at a certain point. Calculate the frequency and wavelength of the string fingered at the same position if played in an environment with a temperature of 18.0°C.
A cello string is typically a length of 0.70 m. A particular cello string is tuned to play the note A which is 220 Hz when it is unfingered. At what distance from the end of the string must one position their finger on the string in order to play the note C4 which is 260 Hz?
An asteroid enters Earth's atmosphere at a velocity of approximately 18000 km/hr. What would be its mach angle given that on Earth, the speed sound travels at roughly 340 m/s?
A student is experimenting with a 2.00 m long pipe that has both of its ends open, and that contains some unknown gas inside. Investigating further, she discovers that the pipe has two consecutive harmonic frequencies of 150 Hz and 200 Hz. Calculate the speed of sound in the gas in the pipe.
A fighter jet flying at an altitude of 2.0 km above ground level breaks the sound barrier. By the time its sonic boom reaches the person standing on the ground exactly below the jet, the jet has already covered a horizontal distance of 3.0 km away. Determine (i) the angle made by the shock cone, (ii) the speed at which the jet was traveling along with its Mach number. Assume that the speed at which sound travels in air is approximately equal to 340 m/s.
A musician, riding a bicycle moving away from you at 26 m/s, plays a flute that produces sound by setting up the fundamental standing wave in an air column 7.40 cm long. What frequency do you hear if the flute is closed at one end? Assume that the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s.
A guitarist has a string with a fundamental frequency of 450 Hz and a vibrating portion length of 34 cm. To play a note at 599 Hz, how far from the end of the string should the guitarist place their finger?
A cello string measuring 75 cm in length is tuned to a fundamental frequency of 220 Hz. When a cellist presses the string 25 cm from the bridge, the pitch produced is 660 Hz. If the cellist uses the "vibrato" technique, moving his finger 0.60 cm to either side, what frequencies will be generated?