Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Constant Velocity
Constant velocity refers to an object moving at a steady speed in a straight line, meaning its speed and direction do not change over time. In this scenario, the balloon descends at a constant velocity of 20.0 m/s, indicating that the forces acting on it are balanced, resulting in no acceleration. Understanding this concept is crucial for analyzing the motion of the balloon and the stone relative to each other.
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Relative Motion
Relative motion describes how the position and velocity of an object are observed from a particular frame of reference. In this case, the stone is thrown from the basket and its motion is analyzed from the perspective of a person in the basket. This perspective is essential for determining the stone's trajectory and the time it takes to hit the ground, as it allows us to separate the stone's motion from that of the descending balloon.
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Projectile Motion
Projectile motion refers to the motion of an object that is launched into the air and is subject to gravitational acceleration. The stone, thrown perpendicular to the balloon's path, follows a parabolic trajectory influenced by gravity. Analyzing the stone's vertical and horizontal components of motion is key to calculating its height and the time it takes to reach the ground, which is critical for solving the problem.
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