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- 0. Math Review31m
- 1. Intro to Physics Units1h 23m
- 2. 1D Motion / Kinematics3h 56m
- Vectors, Scalars, & Displacement13m
- Average Velocity32m
- Intro to Acceleration7m
- Position-Time Graphs & Velocity26m
- Conceptual Problems with Position-Time Graphs22m
- Velocity-Time Graphs & Acceleration5m
- Calculating Displacement from Velocity-Time Graphs15m
- Conceptual Problems with Velocity-Time Graphs10m
- Calculating Change in Velocity from Acceleration-Time Graphs10m
- Graphing Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Graphs11m
- Kinematics Equations37m
- Vertical Motion and Free Fall19m
- Catch/Overtake Problems23m
- 3. Vectors2h 43m
- Review of Vectors vs. Scalars1m
- Introduction to Vectors7m
- Adding Vectors Graphically22m
- Vector Composition & Decomposition11m
- Adding Vectors by Components13m
- Trig Review24m
- Unit Vectors15m
- Introduction to Dot Product (Scalar Product)12m
- Calculating Dot Product Using Components12m
- Intro to Cross Product (Vector Product)23m
- Calculating Cross Product Using Components17m
- 4. 2D Kinematics1h 42m
- 5. Projectile Motion3h 6m
- 6. Intro to Forces (Dynamics)3h 22m
- 7. Friction, Inclines, Systems2h 44m
- 8. Centripetal Forces & Gravitation7h 26m
- Uniform Circular Motion7m
- Period and Frequency in Uniform Circular Motion20m
- Centripetal Forces15m
- Vertical Centripetal Forces10m
- Flat Curves9m
- Banked Curves10m
- Newton's Law of Gravity30m
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- Satellite Motion: Intro5m
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- Overview of Kepler's Laws5m
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- Kepler's Third Law16m
- Kepler's Third Law for Elliptical Orbits15m
- Gravitational Potential Energy21m
- Gravitational Potential Energy for Systems of Masses17m
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- 12. Rotational Kinematics2h 59m
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- Conservation of Energy in Rolling Motion45m
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- 14. Torque & Rotational Dynamics2h 5m
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- Opening/Closing Arms on Rotating Stool18m
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- Heat Transfer44m
- 21. Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gases1h 50m
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- 24. Electric Force & Field; Gauss' Law3h 42m
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- 26. Capacitors & Dielectrics2h 2m
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- 28. Magnetic Fields and Forces2h 23m
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- Magnetic Field Produced by Loops and Solenoids42m
- Toroidal Solenoids aka Toroids12m
- Biot-Savart Law (Calculus)18m
- Ampere's Law (Calculus)17m
- 30. Induction and Inductance3h 37m
- 31. Alternating Current2h 37m
- Alternating Voltages and Currents18m
- RMS Current and Voltage9m
- Phasors20m
- Resistors in AC Circuits9m
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- Impedance in AC Circuits18m
- Series LRC Circuits11m
- Resonance in Series LRC Circuits10m
- Power in AC Circuits5m
- 32. Electromagnetic Waves2h 14m
- 33. Geometric Optics2h 57m
- 34. Wave Optics1h 15m
- 35. Special Relativity2h 10m
23. The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
2:44 minutes
Problem 20.53a
Textbook Question
Textbook Question(II) (a) Why would you expect the total entropy change in a Carnot cycle to be zero?
Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the Carnot cycle: The Carnot cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle consisting of two isothermal processes (one at a high temperature and one at a low temperature) and two adiabatic processes (where no heat is exchanged with the surroundings).
Recognize the reversibility of the Carnot cycle: The Carnot cycle is a reversible cycle, meaning that all processes in the cycle can be reversed without any increase in entropy in the universe. This is a key characteristic of the Carnot cycle.
Analyze the entropy change in each process: During the isothermal expansion and compression, the entropy change of the system is exactly balanced by the entropy change of the surroundings, because the heat transfer is reversible. During the adiabatic processes, there is no heat transfer, so the entropy change is zero.
Sum the entropy changes: Since each segment of the cycle either contributes zero change in entropy or has changes that perfectly offset each other, the total entropy change over one complete cycle sums to zero.
Conclude the expectation: Therefore, you would expect the total entropy change in a Carnot cycle to be zero because it is a reversible cycle where all entropy changes in the system are exactly balanced by entropy changes in the surroundings.
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Textbook Question
CALC Two moles of an ideal gas occupy a volume V. The gas expands isothermally and reversibly to a volume 3V. (a) Is the velocity distribution changed by the isothermal expansion? Explain.
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