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Hi there,

Ethonol is the solvent in this reaction. Solvent molecules are always available in large quantities in a reaction.

I hope it helps. Let us know if you have more questions.

Hi there,

NaBH4 is not a strong enough to reduce amides, that's why there is no reaction.

Typically, NaBH4 can reduce aldehydes, ketone, and acyl halides, but it cannot reduce other carbonyl derivatives such as esters or amides.

I hope it helps. Let us know if you have more questions.

Hi there,

There will be ethoxide becuase we cannot perform a reaction with Grignard reagent in a protic medium. Grignard reagents are very strong bases, and they will react with any proton before they will attack the electrophile.

Since the medium is aprotic, there won't be a proton to protonate ethoxide into ethanol.

However, in the workup step, we have NH4Cl. That will give us the protons and the reaction of ethoxide with protons will result in the formation of ethanol.

I hope it helps. Let us know if you have more questions.