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16. Conjugated Systems

Molecular Orbital Theory

16. Conjugated Systems

Molecular Orbital Theory

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Review of Atomic Orbitals

Review of Atomic Orbitals

Johnny Betancourt

Review of Molecular Orbitals

Review of Molecular Orbitals

Johnny Betancourt

Practice this topic

Multiple Choice

What is a node in an atomic orbital?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following represents an out-of-phase overlap of two atomic orbitals?

Multiple Choice

What molecular orbital(s) result from the overlap of 2 sp³-hybridized orbitals?

Textbook Question

Why are conjugated molecules like the product of the ninhydrin reaction brightly colored?

Textbook Question

(a) Draw the molecular orbitals for the cyclopropenyl case.

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(Because there are three p orbitals, there must be three MOs:

one all-bonding MO and one degenerate pair of MOs.)

(b) Draw an energy diagram for the cyclopropenyl MOs.

(The polygon rule is helpful.)

Label each MO as bonding, nonbonding, or antibonding,

and add the nonbonding line. Notice that it goes through

the approximate average of the MOs.

(c) Add electrons to your energy diagram to show

the configuration of the cyclopropenyl cation and

the cyclopropenyl anion. Which is aromatic and

which is antiaromatic?

Textbook Question

Which of the following would you expect to be a more stable molecular orbital? Why?

Textbook Question

a. For conjugated systems with two, three, four, five, six, and seven conjugated p-bonds, construct quick MOs (just draw the lobes at the ends of the conjugated system as they are drawn on pages 1220 and 1221) to show whether the HOMO is symmetric or antisymmetric. b. Using these drawings, convince yourself that the Woodward–Hoffmann rules in Table 28.1 are valid.

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