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1. A Review of General Chemistry

Molecular Orbitals

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Molecular Orbitals

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What’s the difference between sigma and pi bonds?

What’s the difference between sigma and pi bonds?

Johnny Betancourt

What’s the difference between atomic and molecular orbitals?

What’s the difference between atomic and molecular orbitals?

Johnny Betancourt

Sigma bond vs. pi bond, which is stronger?

Sigma bond vs. pi bond, which is stronger?

Johnny Betancourt

Practice this topic

Textbook Question

Draw orbital pictures of the pi bonding in the following compounds: a. CH3COCH3 b. HCN

Textbook Question

Indicate the kind of molecular orbital (σ, σ*, π, or π*) that results when the two atomic orbitals are combined: a.

Textbook Question

Draw the following orbitals:

a. 3s orbital

b. 4s orbital

c. 3p orbital

Textbook Question

A molecular orbital diagram is shown for the C―Cl bond in chloromethane. If two more electrons were added to chloromethane, where would the electrons go?

Textbook Question

(••••) There is free rotation around the C―C bond in ethane. There is an extremely high barrier to rotation around the C=C bond in in ethene. Explain. [See Assessments 2.75 and 2.76.] ethane ethene

Textbook Question

(••••) LOOKING AHEAD In Chapter 4, we explain that molecules like CH⁺₃ are Lewis acids or electron pair acceptors. Into which orbital would the new electron pair go? [See Assessment 2.70.]

Textbook Question

Draw the molecular orbital picture of trans-but-2-ene. Be sure to label all σ and π bonds. Is there free rotation around the C₂― C₃ bond? Why or why not?

Textbook Question

What frequency of light would be required to excite an electron if the HOMO–LUMO energy gap was 33.9 kcal/mol (142 kJ/mol)?

Textbook Question

How might electrons be excited from π to π* based on the molecular orbital diagram shown? [This will be relevant in Chapter 21.]

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Textbook Question

Predict whether He²⁺ exists.

Textbook Question

Draw orbital pictures of the pi bonding in the following compounds:

e. CH3CH=C=CHCH3

Textbook Question

Draw orbital pictures of the pi bonding in the following compounds:

f. CH3CH=NCH=C=O

Textbook Question

(••) In this, and previous, chapters, we have seen 1,2-alkyl and 1,2-hydride shifts. If both are possible, as in the carbocation shown, which would you expect to occur? Explain your answer.

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