Determine whether the following species is a strong, intermediate, or weak nucleophile. Would this nucleophile add directly to a carbonyl or wait for the carbocation formation before adding to the carbonyl?

2-pentanone is more reactive and more electrophilic compared to methyl butyrate. Explain.

Indicate from the given set of carbonyls, under basic conditions, which will react fastest and the slowest toward nucleophilic addition.

Draw the compound generated when the following Grignard reagent preparation is done in the presence of heavy water (D₂O).

Draw the structures of X and Y:

For the given synthesis, predict the missing products A through C. Assume that an excess of each reagent is used.

What products are expected in the acid chloride reactions given below?

In organic synthesis, a compound can usually be prepared in more than one way. Show how the following molecule can be synthesized using two different ketones.

Which set of carbonyl compounds and Grignard reagent could be used to synthesize the tertiary alcohol shown below?

i.

ii.

iii.

After hydrolysis, what organic products are expected to be isolated for the following reactions?

(i)  

(ii)