1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 19m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 18m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids3h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols

Silyl Ether Protecting Groups

Organic Chemistry

12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols

Silyl Ether Protecting Groups

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5:29 minutes

Problem 5Mullins - 1st Edition

Textbook Question

(•) For each of the following reactions, identify the bonds that are broken and formed. Be sure to indicate whether the bond that is broken is a σ bond or a π bond. (c)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the reactants and products in the given reaction to understand the transformation.

Examine the structure of the reactants to determine which bonds are present initially. Look for both

σ

(sigma) and

π

(pi) bonds.

Analyze the structure of the products to identify the new bonds that have formed. Again, distinguish between

σ

and

π

bonds.

Compare the bonds in the reactants and products to determine which bonds have been broken and which have been formed during the reaction.

Indicate whether each bond broken or formed is a

σ

π

bond, based on the changes observed from reactants to products.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Types of Chemical Bonds

Chemical bonds can be classified into sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds. Sigma bonds are formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals, allowing for free rotation around the bond axis. In contrast, pi bonds result from the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals and restrict rotation. Understanding these bond types is crucial for analyzing reactions, as they dictate the stability and reactivity of molecules.

Bond Breaking and Formation

In a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactants must break to allow for the formation of new bonds in the products. The process of bond breaking requires energy input, while bond formation releases energy. Identifying which bonds are broken and formed helps in understanding the reaction mechanism and energy changes involved, which are essential for predicting reaction outcomes.

Reaction Mechanisms

A reaction mechanism describes the step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical change occurs. It provides insight into how bonds are broken and formed during the reaction. Understanding the mechanism is vital for predicting the products and understanding the kinetics and thermodynamics of the reaction, which are key for effective analysis in organic chemistry.