Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 19m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 18m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids3h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Naming Ketones

Organic Chemistry

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Naming Ketones

3:08 minutes

Problem 18-38bWade - 9th Edition

Textbook Question

Name the following ketones and aldehydes. When possible, give both a common name and an IUPAC name.
(b) CH3(CH2)2CO(CH2)2CH3

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the functional group in the compound. The given compound is a ketone, as indicated by the carbonyl group (C=O) located within the carbon chain.

Determine the longest carbon chain that includes the carbonyl group. In this case, the longest chain has six carbon atoms.

Number the carbon chain starting from the end nearest to the carbonyl group to give the carbonyl carbon the lowest possible number. Here, the carbonyl carbon is at position 3.

Name the parent chain based on the number of carbon atoms. A six-carbon chain with a ketone is named 'hexanone'.

For the IUPAC name, combine the position of the carbonyl group with the parent name: '3-hexanone'. For the common name, identify the alkyl groups on either side of the carbonyl and name them alphabetically followed by 'ketone': 'diethyl ketone'.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In organic chemistry, ketones and aldehydes are defined by their carbonyl group (C=O), where ketones have the carbonyl group flanked by two carbon atoms, while aldehydes have at least one hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon.

IUPAC Nomenclature

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature provides a systematic method for naming organic compounds. It involves identifying the longest carbon chain containing the functional group, numbering the chain to give the functional group the lowest possible number, and using prefixes and suffixes to indicate the type and position of functional groups, such as 'ketone' or 'aldehyde'.

Common Names vs. IUPAC Names

Common names are often simpler and more traditional names used for organic compounds, while IUPAC names follow a standardized set of rules. For example, the common name for butan-2-one is methyl ethyl ketone, which reflects its structure in a more intuitive way. Understanding both naming conventions is essential for accurately identifying and communicating about organic compounds.