How many signals would you expect to see in the 13C NMR of the following compounds? In each case, show which carbon atoms are equivalent in the 13C NMR.
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1
Identify the symmetry in each structure to determine equivalent carbon atoms.
For structure (i) and structure 1, recognize that all carbon atoms in cyclopentane and cyclohexane are equivalent due to symmetry, resulting in one signal.
For structure (ii), note the presence of sulfur in the ring, which breaks symmetry, leading to two sets of equivalent carbons.
For structure (iii) and structure 3, identify the carbonyl group, which creates two distinct environments for the carbons, resulting in three signals.
For structure (iv) and structure 4, observe the ester functional group, which further differentiates the carbon environments, leading to four distinct signals.
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