Name the following carboxylic acid derivatives, giving both a common name and an IUPAC name where possible.


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Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Identify the functional group present in each compound. Carboxylic acid derivatives include esters, amides, anhydrides, and acyl chlorides.
2. Step 2: For each compound, determine the parent chain or the main carbon chain that includes the functional group.
3. Step 3: Name the parent chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains, using the appropriate alkane name as the base.
4. Step 4: Apply the IUPAC naming rules for the specific type of carboxylic acid derivative. For example, for esters, name the alkyl group attached to the oxygen first, followed by the name of the acid part with the '-oate' suffix.
5. Step 5: Provide the common name, if applicable, by using traditional naming conventions often based on the source or historical names of the compounds.

Key Concepts

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Carboxylic acid derivatives are compounds that are derived from carboxylic acids by replacing the hydroxyl group (-OH) with another functional group. Common derivatives include esters, amides, anhydrides, and acyl chlorides. Understanding the structure and reactivity of these derivatives is crucial for naming them correctly and predicting their chemical behavior.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds, established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides rules for naming organic compounds based on their structure, including the longest carbon chain, functional groups, and substituents. Familiarity with these rules is essential for accurately naming carboxylic acid derivatives in a standardized manner.

Common Names vs. IUPAC Names

Common names are traditional names used for chemical compounds that may not follow systematic naming conventions, while IUPAC names are derived from a set of rules designed to provide a unique and unambiguous name for each compound. For many carboxylic acid derivatives, both common and IUPAC names exist, and knowing both can enhance understanding and communication in organic chemistry.