(•••) Complete the table of ¹H NMR data you'd generate for each of the following molecules. (c)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the structure of the molecule in question to determine the number of unique hydrogen environments.
2. For each unique hydrogen environment, determine the chemical shift range using typical ¹H NMR chemical shift values.
3. Analyze the splitting pattern for each set of equivalent hydrogens using the n+1 rule, where n is the number of neighboring hydrogens.
4. Determine the integration for each signal, which corresponds to the relative number of hydrogens in each environment.
5. Compile the data into a table format, listing the chemical shift, splitting pattern, and integration for each unique hydrogen environment.

Key Concepts

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

NMR spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to determine the structure of organic compounds. It exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei, primarily hydrogen (¹H), to provide information about the number of hydrogen atoms in different environments within a molecule. The resulting spectrum displays peaks that correspond to the chemical shifts of these hydrogen atoms, allowing chemists to infer structural details.

Chemical Shift

Chemical shift refers to the position of a peak in an NMR spectrum, measured in parts per million (ppm). It indicates the electronic environment surrounding a hydrogen atom, influenced by factors such as electronegativity of nearby atoms and hybridization. Understanding chemical shifts is crucial for interpreting NMR data, as different functional groups and molecular structures produce distinct shifts.

Integration and Multiplicity

Integration in NMR refers to the area under a peak, which correlates to the number of hydrogen atoms contributing to that signal. Multiplicity describes the splitting of NMR signals due to spin-spin coupling between neighboring hydrogen atoms, providing insights into the number of adjacent protons. Together, integration and multiplicity help deduce the connectivity and arrangement of atoms in a molecule.