Being able to recognize patterns of integration and multiplicity for common functional groups makes structure identification more efficient. Draw the pattern of integration and multiplicity you'd expect to see for each common alkyl group. (c) isopropyl

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the structure of the isopropyl group: The isopropyl group is a common alkyl group with the structure (CH3)2CH-.
2. Determine the number of unique hydrogen environments: In an isopropyl group, there are two types of hydrogen environments - the methyl hydrogens (CH3) and the methine hydrogen (CH).
3. Analyze the integration pattern: The integration pattern reflects the number of hydrogens in each environment. For isopropyl, you would expect a ratio of 6:1, corresponding to the six hydrogens in the two methyl groups and the one hydrogen in the methine group.
4. Consider the multiplicity of each signal: The methyl hydrogens (CH3) are adjacent to the methine hydrogen (CH), which will split the methyl signal into a doublet due to the n+1 rule (n = 1 neighboring hydrogen).
5. Determine the multiplicity of the methine hydrogen: The methine hydrogen (CH) is adjacent to six equivalent methyl hydrogens, which will split the methine signal into a septet (n = 6 neighboring hydrogens).

Key Concepts

Integration in NMR Spectroscopy

Integration in NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy refers to the area under the peaks in an NMR spectrum, which correlates to the number of protons contributing to that signal. This allows chemists to determine the relative number of hydrogen atoms in different environments within a molecule, aiding in structure elucidation.

Multiplicity in NMR Spectroscopy

Multiplicity in NMR spectroscopy describes the splitting pattern of NMR signals, which arises from the interaction of neighboring hydrogen atoms (spin-spin coupling). The number of peaks observed (singlet, doublet, triplet, etc.) provides insight into the number of adjacent protons, helping to deduce the connectivity and arrangement of atoms in the molecule.

Alkyl Groups and Their NMR Patterns

Alkyl groups, such as isopropyl, exhibit characteristic NMR patterns based on their structure. For isopropyl, the NMR spectrum typically shows a singlet for the methyl protons and a multiplet for the methine proton due to its neighboring methyl groups, allowing for the identification of the isopropyl structure through its unique integration and multiplicity.