What are the systematic names of the following compounds? Indicate the configuration (R or S) of each asymmetric center.
a. d-glucose

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the structure of D-glucose, which is an aldohexose with the molecular formula C_6H_{12}O_6.
2. Draw the Fischer projection of D-glucose, ensuring the aldehyde group is at the top and the hydroxyl groups are correctly positioned on the chiral centers.
3. Assign priorities to the substituents on each chiral center based on the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules.
4. Determine the configuration (R or S) for each chiral center by analyzing the direction of the priority sequence (clockwise or counterclockwise).
5. Combine the configurations with the IUPAC name for D-glucose, ensuring to indicate the configuration of each asymmetric center in the name.

Key Concepts

Systematic Nomenclature

Systematic nomenclature in organic chemistry refers to the standardized method of naming chemical compounds based on their structure and functional groups. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides rules for naming compounds, which include identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the carbon atoms, and indicating the presence of functional groups. This systematic approach ensures that each compound has a unique and universally accepted name.

Chirality and Asymmetric Centers

Chirality is a property of a molecule that has non-superimposable mirror images, often due to the presence of asymmetric centers, typically carbon atoms bonded to four different substituents. These centers can exist in two configurations, designated as 'R' (rectus) or 'S' (sinister), based on the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules. Understanding chirality is crucial for determining the specific three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule, which can significantly affect its chemical behavior and biological activity.

D- and L- Configuration

The D- and L- configuration is a system used to classify sugars and amino acids based on their stereochemistry. For carbohydrates, the 'D' designation indicates that the hydroxyl group on the highest-numbered chiral carbon is on the right in a Fischer projection, while 'L' indicates it is on the left. This classification is essential for understanding the structure and reactivity of sugars like d-glucose, as it relates to their biological roles and interactions.