For each set of examples, make a model of the first structure, and indicate the relationship of each of the other structures to the first structure.


Examples of relationships: same compound, enantiomer, structural isomer.


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Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the first structure in the set and build a model of it. This will serve as your reference point for comparing the other structures.
2. Examine the second structure and compare it to the first. Check for any differences in connectivity of atoms to determine if it is a structural isomer.
3. If the connectivity is the same, check for differences in spatial arrangement of atoms. If they are non-superimposable mirror images, they are enantiomers.
4. If the second structure is identical in both connectivity and spatial arrangement to the first, then it is the same compound.
5. Repeat the comparison process for the third and fourth structures, using the same criteria to determine if they are the same compound, enantiomers, or structural isomers relative to the first structure.

Key Concepts

Structural Isomers

Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms. This means that the arrangement of atoms in the molecule is different, leading to distinct chemical properties. Understanding structural isomers is crucial for identifying how variations in structure can affect reactivity and physical properties.

Enantiomers

Enantiomers are a type of stereoisomer that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. They typically arise in molecules that contain a chiral center, where four different substituents are attached to a carbon atom. Enantiomers can exhibit different behaviors in biological systems, making their identification important in fields like pharmacology.

Molecular Models

Molecular models are three-dimensional representations of molecules that help visualize their structure and spatial arrangement. These models can illustrate the relationships between different compounds, such as how one structure can be transformed into another through isomerization. Using molecular models is essential for understanding complex organic structures and their interrelationships.