Give each atom the appropriate formal charge:


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Key Concepts

Formal Charge

Formal charge is a theoretical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, calculated based on the number of valence electrons, the number of non-bonding electrons, and the number of bonds. It helps in determining the most stable structure of a molecule by indicating how electrons are distributed among atoms. The formula for calculating formal charge is: Formal Charge = Valence Electrons - (Non-bonding Electrons + 1/2 Bonding Electrons).

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They provide a visual representation of the molecule's structure, allowing for the identification of formal charges and the overall electron distribution. Understanding how to draw and interpret Lewis structures is essential for analyzing molecular geometry and reactivity.

Resonance Structures

Resonance structures are different ways of drawing the same molecule that show the delocalization of electrons. They are used when a single Lewis structure cannot adequately represent the electron distribution in a molecule. The actual structure is a hybrid of these resonance forms, which helps in understanding the stability and reactivity of the molecule, particularly in cases where formal charges are involved.