(•••) Synthesize the following molecules beginning with only organic molecules containing three carbons or fewer.


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Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the target molecule and analyze its structure to determine the functional groups and carbon skeleton.
2. Determine the number of carbon atoms in the target molecule and compare it with the starting materials, which are limited to three carbons or fewer.
3. Plan a synthetic route by identifying key reactions that can form the functional groups and carbon-carbon bonds needed in the target molecule.
4. Consider retrosynthetic analysis to break down the target molecule into simpler precursor molecules that can be synthesized from the allowed starting materials.
5. Select appropriate reagents and conditions for each step in the synthetic route, ensuring that each transformation is feasible and leads to the desired product.

Key Concepts

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Understanding functional groups is essential for predicting the behavior of organic compounds during synthesis, as they dictate reactivity and interaction with other molecules.

Reactions of Organic Molecules

Organic synthesis often involves various types of chemical reactions, such as substitution, addition, and elimination. Familiarity with these reaction types is crucial for constructing complex molecules from simpler precursors, especially when starting with small organic molecules like those containing three carbons or fewer.

Carbon Skeletons

The carbon skeleton refers to the arrangement of carbon atoms in a molecule, which can vary in length and branching. Understanding how to manipulate carbon skeletons is vital for synthesizing larger organic molecules, as it allows chemists to build complex structures from simpler starting materials while maintaining the integrity of the desired functional groups.