Name each of the following:


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Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the functional groups present in the molecule.
2. Determine the longest carbon chain in the molecule, which will serve as the parent chain.
3. Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain, starting from the end nearest to the first substituent group.
4. Identify and name the substituents attached to the parent chain.
5. Combine the names of the substituents and the parent chain, using appropriate locants and prefixes, to form the complete IUPAC name of the compound.

Key Concepts

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amino (-NH2) groups, each imparting distinct chemical behavior.

Nomenclature

Nomenclature in organic chemistry refers to the systematic naming of organic compounds based on established rules. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides guidelines for naming compounds, which include identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the chain, and naming substituents. Understanding nomenclature is essential for accurately identifying and communicating about organic molecules.

Structural Representation

Structural representation involves depicting the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, which can be shown through various formats such as Lewis structures, condensed formulas, or skeletal structures. These representations help chemists visualize molecular geometry, bonding, and functional groups, which are crucial for predicting reactivity and understanding the compound's properties.