(•) Draw the signal for the following multiplicities. What is the ratio of peaks within each signal?


(b) triplet

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of multiplicity in NMR spectroscopy. Multiplicity refers to the number of peaks in a signal, which is determined by the number of neighboring hydrogen atoms (n) plus one, following the n+1 rule.
2. Identify that a triplet is a signal with three peaks. This occurs when a hydrogen atom is adjacent to two equivalent hydrogen atoms (n=2), resulting in a triplet (2+1=3).
3. Determine the ratio of the peaks in a triplet. For a triplet, the ratio of the peaks is typically 1:2:1. This is due to the statistical distribution of the spin states of the neighboring hydrogens.
4. Draw the triplet signal. The triplet will appear as three distinct peaks on the NMR spectrum, with the middle peak being twice as tall as the outer peaks, reflecting the 1:2:1 ratio.
5. Consider the chemical environment. The exact position and spacing of the triplet on the spectrum will depend on the chemical shift and coupling constant, which are influenced by the electronic environment of the hydrogen atoms.

Key Concepts

Multiplicity in NMR Spectroscopy

Multiplicity refers to the number of peaks observed in a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum due to spin-spin coupling between neighboring nuclei. It indicates how many equivalent protons are adjacent to a given proton. For example, a triplet indicates that there are two neighboring protons, resulting in three peaks.

Integration in NMR

Integration in NMR spectroscopy quantifies the area under each peak, which corresponds to the number of protons contributing to that signal. The ratio of the integrals of the peaks provides insight into the relative number of protons in different environments, allowing chemists to deduce the structure of the molecule.

Peak Ratio in Multiplicity

The peak ratio in a multiplicity pattern reflects the number of neighboring protons influencing the signal. For a triplet, the ratio of the peaks is typically 1:2:1, indicating that the central peak is twice as intense as the outer peaks. This pattern arises from the combinatorial ways the neighboring protons can align their spins with the observed proton.