What are the products of the following reactions?
e.
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1
Identify the type of reaction: The presence of a strong base (methoxide, CH3O-) and a good leaving group (bromide, Br-) suggests an elimination reaction, likely E2.
Locate the β-hydrogens: Identify the carbon adjacent to the carbon with the leaving group (bromine) to find the β-hydrogens that can be abstracted by the base.
Determine the major product: Use Zaitsev's rule, which states that the more substituted alkene is generally the major product in an elimination reaction.
Draw the transition state: Show the simultaneous removal of the β-hydrogen by the base, the formation of the double bond, and the departure of the leaving group.
Sketch the final product: Illustrate the alkene formed after the elimination of HBr, ensuring the double bond is placed according to Zaitsev's rule.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Elimination Reactions
Elimination reactions involve the removal of a small molecule from a larger one, resulting in the formation of a double bond. In this case, the bromide (Br) is eliminated along with a proton (H) from an adjacent carbon, leading to the formation of an alkene. Understanding the mechanism of elimination is crucial for predicting the products of such reactions.
Nucleophiles are species that donate an electron pair to form a chemical bond in a reaction. In this scenario, methoxide (CH3O-) acts as a nucleophile, attacking the carbon atom bonded to the bromine. Recognizing the role of nucleophiles helps in understanding how they influence the outcome of organic reactions, particularly in substitution and elimination processes.
Regioselectivity refers to the preference of a chemical reaction to occur at one location over another in a molecule. In elimination reactions, the formation of the double bond can lead to different isomers, depending on which hydrogen is removed. Analyzing regioselectivity is essential for predicting the major product of the reaction, especially when multiple elimination pathways are possible.