Name the following compounds.


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Key Concepts

Nomenclature in Organic Chemistry

Nomenclature refers to the systematic naming of organic compounds based on established rules. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides guidelines for naming compounds, which include identifying the longest carbon chain, determining functional groups, and applying prefixes and suffixes to indicate the structure and substituents.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Common functional groups include alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amines, each influencing the compound's reactivity and properties. Recognizing these groups is essential for accurate naming and understanding compound behavior.

Structural Isomerism

Structural isomerism occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. This can lead to variations in physical and chemical properties. Understanding isomerism is crucial for naming compounds correctly, as different structures can have distinct names despite having the same composition.