Draw a condensed structure and a skeletal structure for each of the following:
c. sec-butylamine
d. isopentyl bromide

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the structure of sec-butylamine: Sec-butylamine is an amine where the amino group (-NH2) is attached to the secondary carbon of a butyl group. The butyl group is a four-carbon chain.
2. Draw the condensed structure for sec-butylamine: Start with the butyl group, which is CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-. Attach the amino group to the secondary carbon, resulting in CH3-CH(NH2)-CH2-CH3.
3. Draw the skeletal structure for sec-butylamine: Represent the carbon chain as a zigzag line. The secondary carbon will have the amino group attached, which is shown as a line extending from the carbon chain.
4. Identify the structure of isopentyl bromide: Isopentyl bromide, also known as isoamyl bromide, is an alkyl halide where a bromine atom is attached to the primary carbon of an isopentyl group. The isopentyl group is a five-carbon chain with a branching at the second carbon.
5. Draw the condensed and skeletal structures for isopentyl bromide: The condensed structure is (CH3)2CHCH2CH2Br. For the skeletal structure, draw a zigzag line for the carbon chain, with a branch at the second carbon and a bromine atom attached to the end of the chain.

Key Concepts

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical compound that shows the arrangement of atoms and the connectivity between them without depicting all the bonds explicitly. In this format, groups of atoms are often grouped together, and hydrogen atoms attached to carbons are usually omitted for simplicity. This representation helps in visualizing the molecular structure while maintaining clarity.

Skeletal Structure

A skeletal structure, also known as a line-angle structure, is a simplified representation of a molecule where carbon atoms are represented by vertices or ends of lines, and hydrogen atoms are implied. This format emphasizes the connectivity of the carbon backbone and functional groups, making it easier to visualize larger organic molecules. It is particularly useful for complex structures, as it reduces clutter and focuses on the essential features.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In organic chemistry, identifying functional groups is crucial for understanding the properties and reactivity of compounds. For example, in sec-butylamine, the amine group (-NH2) is the functional group that influences its behavior, while in isopentyl bromide, the bromine atom serves as a leaving group in nucleophilic substitution reactions.