Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 19m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 18m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids3h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Spin-Splitting Complex Tree Diagrams

Organic Chemistry

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Spin-Splitting Complex Tree Diagrams

Problem 15aMullins - 1st Edition

Textbook Question

Draw the expected signal for a hydrogen with the following coupling constants. (a) Hₐ : δ 5.34 (Jₐ꜀ = 12 , Jₐ₆ = 2)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the type of hydrogen and its environment. In this case, Hₐ is a hydrogen atom with a chemical shift (δ) of 5.34 ppm.

Understand the coupling constants: Jₐ꜀ = 12 Hz and Jₐ₆ = 2 Hz. These indicate the splitting pattern due to neighboring hydrogens.

Determine the splitting pattern: The hydrogen Hₐ is coupled to two different sets of hydrogens, leading to a doublet of doublets (dd) pattern.

Calculate the number of peaks: A doublet of doublets results in 4 peaks. This is because each doublet is split further by the second coupling.

Sketch the signal: The signal will appear as four peaks with varying intensities, centered around δ 5.34 ppm, with spacings determined by the coupling constants (12 Hz and 2 Hz).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Chemical Shift (δ)

Chemical shift, denoted as δ, refers to the resonance frequency of a nucleus relative to a standard reference frequency. It is measured in parts per million (ppm) and provides insight into the electronic environment surrounding the hydrogen atom. In this case, a δ value of 5.34 indicates that the hydrogen is likely in a deshielded environment, often associated with electronegative atoms or unsaturation.

Coupling Constants (J)

Coupling constants, represented as J, quantify the interaction between nuclear spins of neighboring atoms, influencing the splitting patterns observed in NMR spectra. The values Jₐ꜀ = 12 Hz and Jₐ₆ = 2 Hz indicate the strength of the coupling between the hydrogen atom in question and its neighboring protons. These constants help determine the number of peaks and their relative intensities in the NMR signal.

NMR Signal Splitting

NMR signal splitting occurs when a hydrogen atom is coupled to neighboring hydrogen atoms, resulting in multiple peaks in the spectrum. The number of peaks is determined by the n+1 rule, where n is the number of equivalent neighboring protons. In this scenario, the coupling constants suggest that the hydrogen will exhibit a complex splitting pattern, reflecting its interactions with adjacent protons.