Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) is a fundamental reaction in organic chemistry where an electrophile replaces a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring. In the transformation of bromobenzene to propiophenone, EAS is crucial as it allows the introduction of a carbonyl group through the use of a suitable electrophile, such as an acyl chloride, in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst.
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Nucleophilic Addition to Carbonyls
Nucleophilic addition to carbonyls is a key reaction where a nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon of a carbonyl group, leading to the formation of alcohols or other functional groups. In the conversion of CH3CH2CN to heptan-3-one, the nitrile group can be hydrolyzed to a carbonyl compound, which can then undergo further reactions to yield the desired ketone.
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Reagents and Reaction Conditions
Understanding the appropriate reagents and reaction conditions is essential for successful organic transformations. For the transformations mentioned, reagents such as acyl chlorides, Lewis acids, and hydrolysis agents are necessary to facilitate the reactions, while controlling temperature and solvent can significantly influence the yield and selectivity of the products.
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