Microeconomics vs. Macroeconomics: Study with Video Lessons, Practice Problems & Examples

Economics is the social science that examines choices made under conditions of scarcity, focusing on individual and institutional decision-making. Microeconomics studies daily choices, such as pricing and supply-demand dynamics, while addressing concepts like profit maximization and market structures, including monopolies and perfect competition. In contrast, macroeconomics analyzes broader economic phenomena, including recessions, inflation, and unemployment. Key concepts include demand curves, elasticity, and market equilibrium, which are essential for understanding economic behavior and market outcomes.

Definition of Economics:Micro vs. Macro

Alright, so let's define Economics now and then we'll compare Microeconomics, what we're learning in this course, and Macroeconomics. So Economics is a social science that's focused on the choices made by individuals, institutions, and society under conditions of scarcity. It's about choices under scarcity. Right? Remember scarcity is this idea of having limited resources. We have unlimited wants, but we have limited resources. And when you think about economics, yes, we're going to be doing some math in this class. Did you feel that? I feel like when I said math, there was like a collective shiver out there. Maybe it's just me. I don't know. So economics actually has a strong foundation in studying human behavior, psychology. It's actually pretty interesting. So when we're doing microeconomics, we're studying the choices that individuals and businesses make, kind of on the day-to-day. Choices about setting prices, how a price change could affect the supply and demand of a product. So, you know, if the price of cereal goes up, what's going to happen in the market? People will probably want less cereal. Right? People might want to supply more cereal because the price went up. And that's also you know, when we're thinking about prices, we're going to deal with taxes too in this class and how taxes affect supply and demand as well. Another huge topic in this class is going to be maximizing profit, under different market structures. So we're going to study monopolies. We're going to study perfect competition, stuff like that, and how to maximize profit in these situations. Lastly, just operational stuff like knowing how many laborers to hire and what to pay them. Right? So you can see these are decisions made on a small scale. Compared to macroeconomics, we're studying the economy as a whole. So we're studying the nation's economy, the global economy. Right? So much bigger ideas. We're going to be studying recessions, you know, what causes a recession or a boom in the economy, inflation, how does inflation affect interest rates, unemployment. Right? So you can see these issues are on a grander scale than what we'll be studying in this class.

Here’s what students ask on this topic:

What is the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?

Microeconomics focuses on the choices made by individuals and businesses, such as pricing, supply and demand, and profit maximization. It examines how these decisions affect the allocation of limited resources on a small scale. Key topics include market structures like monopolies and perfect competition. In contrast, macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole, analyzing large-scale economic phenomena such as recessions, inflation, and unemployment. It looks at national and global economic trends and policies. While microeconomics deals with day-to-day economic activities, macroeconomics addresses broader issues that impact the entire economy.

How does scarcity relate to economics?

Scarcity is a fundamental concept in economics, referring to the limited nature of resources in contrast to unlimited human wants. Economics studies how individuals, institutions, and societies make choices under these conditions of scarcity. Because resources are finite, decisions must be made about how to allocate them efficiently. This involves trade-offs, where choosing more of one thing means having less of another. Both microeconomics and macroeconomics analyze these choices, but on different scales—microeconomics at the individual and business level, and macroeconomics at the national and global level.

What are some key concepts in microeconomics?

Key concepts in microeconomics include supply and demand, elasticity, market equilibrium, and profit maximization. Supply and demand determine the price and quantity of goods and services in a market. Elasticity measures how responsive quantity demanded or supplied is to changes in price. Market equilibrium occurs when supply equals demand, resulting in stable prices. Profit maximization involves strategies businesses use to achieve the highest possible profit, considering costs and revenues. These concepts help explain how markets function and how individual decisions impact economic outcomes.

What topics are covered in macroeconomics?

Macroeconomics covers broad economic phenomena that affect the entire economy. Key topics include recessions, which are periods of economic decline; inflation, the rate at which prices for goods and services rise; and unemployment, the percentage of the labor force that is jobless. Other important areas of study include economic growth, fiscal and monetary policy, and international trade. Macroeconomics aims to understand and address issues that impact national and global economic stability and growth.

How do taxes affect supply and demand in microeconomics?

In microeconomics, taxes can significantly impact supply and demand. When a tax is imposed on a good or service, it increases the cost for producers or consumers. For producers, this may lead to a decrease in supply as the cost of production rises. For consumers, higher prices can reduce demand. The overall effect is a new market equilibrium with a higher price and lower quantity than before the tax. This concept helps explain how government policies can influence market behavior and economic outcomes.