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In a biology exam, you are asked about the process that allows cells to move substances against their concentration gradient using energy. What is this process called?
Which cellular mechanism utilizes ATP hydrolysis to translocate protons across mitochondrial membranes, thereby establishing an electrochemical gradient?
Which of the following is a process by which substances are transported across cell membranes against their concentration gradient with the help of carrier proteins and energy input, usually in the form of ATP?
How does the chloride-bicarbonate antiporter assist red blood cells in transporting CO2 from tissues back to the lungs?
