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Which of the following statements about the exotoxin is true?
Which of the following is not a common cause of secondary immunodeficiency?
Ray has a family history of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is he more likely to develop?
How does the adaptive immune system normally distinguish between self and non-self cells?
Which of the following is not a mechanism used by pathogens to avoid host defense mechanisms?
During a lecture on microbial pathogenesis, a professor explains how some parasites evade immune detection by residing within the vesicles of host cells. This strategy prevents them from being recognized and destroyed by circulating antibodies. Which term best describes this immune evasion strategy?
Bacterial strains without capsules are considered avirulent because they can:
Which of the following statements is true regarding the M protein?
Which of the following bacterial mechanisms prevents destruction by phagocytic cells after engulfment?
Which strategy allows bacteria to avoid complement-mediated lysis?
Which mechanism do some viruses use to evade the host's antibody-mediated immune response?
HIV avoids being attacked by the immune system by targeting which specific cell:
