Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Microbiology(169)
- Introduction to Microbiology(34)
- Introduction to Taxonomy(20)
- Scientific Naming of Organisms(6)
- Members of the Bacterial World(5)
- Introduction to Bacteria(16)
- Introduction to Archaea(6)
- Introduction to Eukarya(44)
- Acellular Infectious Agents: Viruses, Viroids & Prions(15)
- Importance of Microorganisms(14)
- Scientific Method(5)
- Experimental Design(4)
- 2. Disproving Spontaneous Generation(33)
- 3. Chemical Principles of Microbiology(46)
- 4. Water(39)
- 5. Molecules of Microbiology(49)
- 6. Cell Membrane & Transport(74)
- Cell Envelope & Biological Membranes(5)
- Bacterial & Eukaryotic Cell Membranes(7)
- Archaeal Cell Membranes(5)
- Types of Membrane Proteins(4)
- Concentration Gradients and Diffusion(4)
- Introduction to Membrane Transport(6)
- Passive vs. Active Transport(6)
- Osmosis(6)
- Simple and Facilitated Diffusion(6)
- Active Transport(6)
- ABC Transporters(4)
- Group Translocation(5)
- Types of Small Molecule Transport Review(4)
- Endocytosis and Exocytosis(6)
- 7. Prokaryotic Cell Structures & Functions(143)
- Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells(8)
- Binary Fission(6)
- Generation Times(5)
- Bacterial Cell Morphology & Arrangements(19)
- Overview of Prokaryotic Cell Structure(5)
- Introduction to Bacterial Cell Walls(6)
- Gram-Positive Cell Walls(8)
- Gram-Negative Cell Walls(6)
- Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Cell Walls(5)
- The Glycocalyx: Capsules & Slime Layers(5)
- Introduction to Biofilms(4)
- Pili(4)
- Fimbriae & Hami(4)
- Introduction to Prokaryotic Flagella(6)
- Prokaryotic Flagellar Structure(6)
- Prokaryotic Flagellar Movement(4)
- Proton Motive Force Drives Flagellar Motility(4)
- Chemotaxis(5)
- Review of Prokaryotic Surface Structures(3)
- Prokaryotic Ribosomes(5)
- Introduction to Bacterial Plasmids(6)
- Cell Inclusions(5)
- Endospores(6)
- Sporulation(5)
- Germination(3)
- 8. Eukaryotic Cell Structures & Functions(51)
- 9. Microscopes(70)
- Introduction to Microscopes(7)
- Magnification, Resolution, & Contrast(12)
- Introduction to Light Microscopy(1)
- Light Microscopy: Bright-Field Microscopes(4)
- Light Microscopes that Increase Contrast(5)
- Light Microscopes that Detect Fluorescence(8)
- Electron Microscopes(4)
- Reviewing the Different Types of Microscopes(5)
- Introduction to Staining(1)
- Simple Staining(5)
- Differential Staining(4)
- Other Types of Staining(5)
- Reviewing the Types of Staining(0)
- Gram Stain(9)
- 10. Dynamics of Microbial Growth(136)
- Biofilms(6)
- Growing a Pure Culture(8)
- Microbial Growth Curves in a Closed System(6)
- Temperature Requirements for Microbial Growth(14)
- Oxygen Requirements for Microbial Growth(8)
- pH Requirements for Microbial Growth(6)
- Osmolarity Factors for Microbial Growth(5)
- Reviewing the Environmental Factors of Microbial Growth(11)
- Nutritional Factors of Microbial Growth(10)
- Growth Factors(5)
- Introduction to Cultivating Microbial Growth(3)
- Types of Solid Culture Media(0)
- Plating Methods(4)
- Measuring Growth by Direct Cell Counts(8)
- Measuring Growth by Plate Counts(4)
- Measuring Growth by Membrane Filtration(4)
- Measuring Growth by Biomass(4)
- Introduction to the Types of Culture Media(5)
- Chemically Defined Media(4)
- Complex Media(3)
- Selective Media(3)
- Differential Media(3)
- Reducing Media(4)
- Enrichment Media(3)
- Reviewing the Types of Culture Media(5)
- 11. Controlling Microbial Growth(164)
- Introduction to Controlling Microbial Growth(16)
- Selecting a Method to Control Microbial Growth(14)
- Physical Methods to Control Microbial Growth(27)
- Review of Physical Methods to Control Microbial Growth(0)
- Chemical Methods to Control Microbial Growth(10)
- Chemicals Used to Control Microbial Growth(56)
- Liquid Chemicals: Alcohols, Aldehydes, & Biguanides(4)
- Liquid Chemicals: Halogens(6)
- Liquid Chemicals: Surface-Active Agents(5)
- Other Types of Liquid Chemicals(5)
- Chemical Gases: Ethylene Oxide, Ozone, & Formaldehyde(6)
- Review of Chemicals Used to Control Microbial Growth(8)
- Chemical Preservation of Perishable Products(7)
- 12. Microbial Metabolism(173)
- Introduction to Energy(4)
- Laws of Thermodynamics(4)
- Chemical Reactions(6)
- ATP(7)
- Enzymes(11)
- Enzyme Activation Energy(5)
- Enzyme Binding Factors(4)
- Enzyme Inhibition(5)
- Introduction to Metabolism(9)
- Negative & Positive Feedback(4)
- Redox Reactions(16)
- Introduction to Aerobic Cellular Respiration(6)
- Types of Phosphorylation(8)
- Glycolysis(8)
- Entner-Doudoroff Pathway(4)
- Pentose-Phosphate Pathway(4)
- Pyruvate Oxidation(5)
- Krebs Cycle(6)
- Electron Transport Chain(6)
- Chemiosmosis(5)
- Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration(10)
- Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration(36)
- 13. Photosynthesis(37)
- 14. DNA Replication(47)
- 15. Central Dogma & Gene Regulation(119)
- Central Dogma(4)
- Introduction to Transcription(7)
- Steps of Transcription(8)
- Transcription Termination in Prokaryotes(3)
- Eukaryotic RNA Processing and Splicing(5)
- Introduction to Types of RNA(7)
- Genetic Code(4)
- Introduction to Translation(6)
- Steps of Translation(5)
- Review of Transcription vs. Translation(1)
- Prokaryotic Gene Expression(5)
- Review of Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Gene Expression(4)
- Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression(6)
- Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons(9)
- The Lac Operon(6)
- Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon(5)
- The Trp Operon(5)
- Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon(2)
- Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation(3)
- Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications(5)
- Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control(4)
- Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation(7)
- Post-Translational Modification(4)
- Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation(4)
- 16. Microbial Genetics(89)
- Introduction to Microbial Genetics(4)
- Introduction to Mutations(8)
- Methods of Inducing Mutations(10)
- Prototrophs vs. Auxotrophs(4)
- Mutant Detection(6)
- The Ames Test(4)
- Introduction to DNA Repair(3)
- DNA Repair Mechanisms(7)
- Horizontal Gene Transfer(8)
- Bacterial Transformation(6)
- Transduction(6)
- Introduction to Conjugation(2)
- Conjugation: F Plasmids(6)
- Conjugation: Hfr & F' Cells(4)
- Genome Variability(6)
- CRISPR CAS(5)
- 17. Biotechnology(57)
- 18. Viruses, Viroids, & Prions(137)
- Introduction to Viruses(26)
- Introduction to Bacteriophage Infections(5)
- Bacteriophage: Lytic Phage Infections(4)
- Bacteriophage: Lysogenic Phage Infections(6)
- Bacteriophage: Filamentous Phage Infections(4)
- Plaque Assays(9)
- Introduction to Animal Virus Infections(13)
- Animal Viruses: 1. Attachment to the Host Cell(4)
- Animal Viruses: 2. Entry & Uncoating in the Host Cell(6)
- Animal Viruses: 3. Synthesis & Replication(6)
- Animal Viruses: DNA Virus Synthesis & Replication(5)
- Animal Viruses: RNA Virus Synthesis & Replication(7)
- Animal Viruses: Antigenic Drift vs. Antigenic Shift(3)
- Animal Viruses: Reverse-Transcribing Virus Synthesis & Replication(4)
- Animal Viruses: 4. Assembly Inside Host Cell(4)
- Animal Viruses: 5. Release from Host Cell(5)
- Acute vs. Persistent Viral Infections(10)
- COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)(4)
- Plant Viruses(4)
- Viroids(4)
- Prions(4)
- 19. Innate Immunity(157)
- Introduction to Immunity(4)
- Introduction to Innate Immunity(4)
- Introduction to First-Line Defenses(3)
- Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Skin(6)
- Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Mucous Membrane(6)
- First-Line Defenses: Chemical Barriers(9)
- First-Line Defenses: Normal Microflora(4)
- Introduction to Cells of the Immune System(7)
- Cells of the Immune System: Granulocytes(8)
- Cells of the Immune System: Agranulocytes(8)
- Introduction to Cell Communication(7)
- Cell Communication: Surface Receptors & Adhesion Molecules(5)
- Cell Communication: Cytokines(4)
- Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)(6)
- Introduction to the Complement System(3)
- Activation Pathways of the Complement System(6)
- Effects of the Complement System(10)
- Review of the Complement System(2)
- Phagoctytosis(17)
- Introduction to Inflammation(14)
- Steps of the Inflammatory Response(8)
- Fever(6)
- Interferon Response(10)
- 20. Adaptive Immunity(192)
- Introduction to Adaptive Immunity(13)
- Antigens(7)
- Introduction to T Lymphocytes(6)
- Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules(6)
- Activation of T Lymphocytes(5)
- Functions of T Lymphocytes(5)
- Review of Cytotoxic vs Helper T Cells(6)
- Introduction to B Lymphocytes(7)
- Antibodies(20)
- Classes of Antibodies(12)
- Outcomes of Antibody Binding to Antigen(36)
- T Dependent & T Independent Antigens(6)
- Clonal Selection(4)
- Antibody Class Switching(4)
- Affinity Maturation(4)
- Primary and Secondary Response of Adaptive Immunity(9)
- Immune Tolerance(12)
- Regulatory T Cells(4)
- Natural Killer Cells(4)
- Review of Adaptive Immunity(22)
- 21. Principles of Disease(545)
- Symbiotic Relationships(19)
- The Human Microbiome(16)
- Characteristics of Infectious Disease(213)
- Stages of Infectious Disease Progression(47)
- Koch's Postulates(7)
- Molecular Koch's Postulates(5)
- Bacterial Pathogenesis(146)
- Introduction to Pathogenic Toxins(17)
- Exotoxins Cause Damage to the Host(9)
- Endotoxin Causes Damage to the Host(6)
- Exotoxins vs. Endotoxin Review(6)
- Immune Response Damage to the Host(19)
- Introduction to Avoiding Host Defense Mechanisms(7)
- 1) Hide Within Host Cells(2)
- 2) Avoiding Phagocytosis(6)
- 3) Surviving Inside Phagocytic Cells(3)
- 4) Avoiding Complement System(4)
- 5) Avoiding Antibodies(5)
- Viruses Evade the Immune Response(8)
11. Controlling Microbial Growth
Chemical Gases: Ethylene Oxide, Ozone, & Formaldehyde
11. Controlling Microbial Growth
Chemical Gases: Ethylene Oxide, Ozone, & Formaldehyde: Study with Video Lessons, Practice Problems & Examples
2PRACTICE PROBLEM
How does ethylene oxide primarily work to achieve sterilization?
How does ethylene oxide primarily work to achieve sterilization?