Match the following terms to the definitions in questions 1 and 2.
a. conjugation
b. transcription
c. transduction
d. transformation
e. translation


Transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell by a bacteriophage.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the key terms provided: conjugation, transcription, transduction, transformation, and translation.
2. Understand the definition given: 'Transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell by a bacteriophage.'
3. Recall the process associated with each term: conjugation involves direct cell-to-cell contact, transcription is the synthesis of RNA from DNA, transduction involves bacteriophages, transformation is the uptake of naked DNA, and translation is the synthesis of proteins from mRNA.
4. Match the definition to the correct term by identifying which process involves bacteriophages.
5. Conclude that the term matching the definition 'Transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell by a bacteriophage' is transduction.

Key Concepts

Transduction

Transduction is a process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage, a type of virus that infects bacteria. During this process, the bacteriophage can accidentally incorporate bacterial DNA into its own genetic material and then transfer it to a new host cell during infection. This mechanism is significant for genetic diversity and horizontal gene transfer among bacteria.

Bacteriophage

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. They consist of genetic material encased in a protein coat and can replicate only within a bacterial host. Bacteriophages play a crucial role in transduction by serving as vectors for transferring genetic information between bacterial cells, influencing bacterial evolution and antibiotic resistance.

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the movement of genetic material between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction. In bacteria, HGT can occur through mechanisms such as transduction, transformation, and conjugation, allowing for rapid adaptation and evolution. This process is essential for the spread of traits like antibiotic resistance among bacterial populations.