Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Water Pollution
Water pollution refers to the contamination of water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, due to harmful substances or pollutants. These pollutants can originate from various sources, including industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and sewage. Understanding water pollution is crucial as it affects aquatic ecosystems, human health, and the overall quality of water resources.
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Eutrophication
Eutrophication is the process by which water bodies become enriched with nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to excessive growth of algae. This phenomenon can result in oxygen depletion in the water, harming aquatic life and disrupting ecosystems. It is often caused by runoff from fertilizers and sewage, making it a significant concern in water pollution.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of the amount of oxygen that microorganisms will consume while decomposing organic matter in water. A high BOD indicates a high level of organic pollution, which can lead to oxygen depletion and negatively impact aquatic organisms. Monitoring BOD is essential for assessing water quality and the effects of pollution.
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