Indicate the true statements about prokaryotic cells, and then reword the false statements so that they are true.
a. They have 80S ribosomes.
b. They sexually reproduce by meiosis.
c. Cell walls underlie the plasma membrane.
d. They synthesize proteins with the help of ribosomes.
e. They can store nutrients in inclusion bodies.
f. Fimbriae are used for motility.
g. Archaea and Bacteria can be classified using the Gram stain.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the characteristics of prokaryotic cells, such as ribosome size, reproduction methods, and structural components.
2. Evaluate statement a: Prokaryotic cells have 70S ribosomes, not 80S ribosomes, which are found in eukaryotic cells.
3. Evaluate statement b: Prokaryotic cells do not reproduce sexually by meiosis; they reproduce asexually through binary fission.
4. Evaluate statement c: In prokaryotic cells, the cell wall is located outside the plasma membrane, not underneath it.
5. Evaluate statement d: Prokaryotic cells synthesize proteins using 70S ribosomes, which is a true statement.

Key Concepts

Prokaryotic Cell Structure

Prokaryotic cells, which include bacteria and archaea, are characterized by their lack of a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. They typically have a simpler structure than eukaryotic cells, with a cell wall that provides shape and protection, and ribosomes that are smaller (70S) compared to those in eukaryotes (80S). Understanding these structural differences is crucial for identifying true statements about prokaryotic cells.

Reproduction in Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes primarily reproduce asexually through binary fission, a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Unlike eukaryotes, they do not undergo meiosis, which is a form of sexual reproduction. This distinction is important for evaluating statements regarding prokaryotic reproduction and clarifying misconceptions about their reproductive methods.

Gram Staining and Classification

Gram staining is a laboratory technique used to classify bacteria into two groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative, based on the composition of their cell walls. This method is not applicable to archaea, which have distinct cell wall structures. Understanding the Gram stain's role in microbiology is essential for accurately classifying prokaryotic organisms and interpreting statements related to their classification.