In this video, we're going to talk more details about the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Unlike the cytoplasmic or LPS for short. And so, lipopolysaccharides or LPS are a major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. These lipopolysaccharides or LPS, they are large complex molecules with both lipid and carbohydrate components. Lipopolysaccharides or LPS are also called endotoxins, and they can be very damaging and deadly inside the host. That's why gram-negative bacteria can be associated with deadly bacterial infections.

If we take a look at our image down below, we can get a better understanding of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Once again, the gram-negative bacteria are going to have two membranes, an inner cytoplasmic plasma membrane and an outer membrane, which is on the border here. When we zoom into this region here and take a look at the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria, what you'll notice is that it is going to contain these LPS molecules, these lipopolysaccharides, or once again LPS, which are also known as endotoxins. Once again, the lipopolysaccharides are only found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and are not found in gram-positive bacteria.

This here concludes our brief introduction to the outer membrane and how it contains these lipopolysaccharide or LPS or endotoxin molecules. We'll be able to get some practice applying these concepts and learn more as we move forward. So, I'll see you all in our next video.