16. Microbial Genetics
Transduction
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In this video, we're going to talk more details about generalized transduction. And so recall from our previous lesson video that generalized transduction is one of the 2 main types of transduction. And so generalized transduction is going to be when the transducing particle only contains bacterial DNA, but it does not contain phage or viral DNA. Now generalized transduction is called generalized transduction because it's capable of transferring any of the general genes genes of the donor bacterial cell. And so, the reason that this is able to occur is because when the phage, the the original bacteriophage infects the donor cell, it's going to be able to construct new phage particles, but it will also construct transducing particles by mistake. And once again these transducing particles, that are made, an error are going to contain any of the general genes of the donor bacterial cell. And so once the transducing particle has been made, the transducing particle can then attach to a recipient cell and inject that donor DNA that was accidentally packaged into it, and then that donor DNA can then integrate into the cell's chromosome. And so if we take a look at our image down below, we can get a better understanding of generalized transduction. And so notice over here on the left, we're showing you the formation of the transducing particle. And so it starts off with a bacteriophage, a virus that's going to inject phage DNA. And then of course the virus is going to begin to replicate and form, viral proteins. And then what can happen is, more viral proteins, more viruses, more phages will be made that contain phage DNA, which is in green. The phage DNA is in green here. But also occasionally, a mistake, an error can be made where the transducing particle is made where bacterial or from here the donor DNA from the bacteria can be accidentally integrated into the phage and so this forms the transducing particle. Then the transducing particle can go on to carry out transduction And so the transducing particle is able to, bind to the recipient cell. So it will bind. It binds to the recipient cell and then, the donor DNA that was accidentally packaged into the transducing particle is going to enter the recipient cell. And so you can see the donor DNA is being injected and it's going to enter into the recipient cell. And then that donor DNA that was injected can then integrate into the recipient's chromosome. And so you can see here in this image that right here is the integrated donor DNA. And so that integrated donor DNA came from another bacterial cell originally. And the way that it was horizontally transferred over was via a bacteriophage, a transducing particle. And so this is why this is called transduction because it does involve phages. And so this here concludes our brief lesson on generalized transduction and how it can transfer any of the general genes of the donor bacterial cell. And so, we'll be able to get some practice applying these concepts that we've learned in general transduction as we move forward, and then we'll be able to learn about specialized transduction. And so, once again, recall that generalized transduction it's only going to contain bacterial DNA and it does not contain viral DNA. And so I'll see you all in our next video.
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