In this video, we're going to talk about the different antibody classes and so it turns out that there are actually 5 different classes of antibodies or in other words, 5 different classes of immunoglobulins. And so these five classes are based on differences in their heavy chains as we'll see down below in our table. And so the 5 classes of antibodies are IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD. And if you look at these red letters here, notice that it spells GAMED, and so notice down below right here we have this antibody stick figure playing some video games, and based on his facial expression, I'd say he's pretty gamed out from playing video games for 72 hours straight. And so hopefully this antibody stick figure along with GAMED will help you guys remember the 5 different classes of antibodies. And so looking at this table right here, what I want you guys to notice is that, the light chain for all 5 classes of antibodies is exactly the same. So the light chain Y, there'd be the one that's Greek letter lambda. And so the light chain is not going to distinguish one antibody class from another. However, looking at the heavy chain, notice that each class of antibody has a unique heavy chain. And so it's the heavy chain that's going to distinguish one antibody from another antibody class from another. And so this first row of antibody, this first class of antibody is IgG and this is really the one that we've been talking about all along and so you can see the Y-shaped structure here that we talked about. Now, notice that IgE and IgD have very similar types of structures to IgG. However, IgA forms a dimer of these 2 Y-shaped structures and IgM tends to form a pentamer, containing 5 different Y-shaped structures here. Now, over here in this column, what we have is the primary feature of these antibodies. Now, IgG is actually the most prevalent and the most abundant antibody in our blood. So this is going to be one that's involved in protecting pretty much against all types of infections including bacterial and viral infections. Now, IgA is actually going to be highly concentrated in mucus membranes and it's going to be one that is typically secreted by our cells and it's also prevalent in our saliva. Now, IgM interestingly enough is usually going to be the first antibody that's going to be produced upon infection. So, IgM is going to be the one that's going to initiate the primary immune response. So the very first immune response. And then, the common second immune response would be IgG since it's so prevalent in our blood. Now IgE on the other hand here is gonna be one that's gonna defend against allergies or allergens. And so you can see here we have a guy who's saying I'm allergic to this kitty cat right here, and that's unfortunate because this is a cute little kitty cat. But IgE again is going to help defend against these allergens. Now IgD is one where its function is not really very well characterized. However, there are some textbooks and studies that say they're involved with activating B cells and allowing B cells to participate in immune responses. Now over here on the far right, what we have is the distribution of these antibody classes throughout our bodies. And so notice that pretty much all of the antibodies are going to be found in our bloodstreams, except for IgA, which again is going to be highly concentrated in our mucus membrane. So it's going to be lining our digestive systems a lot. And so this here concludes our introduction to the antibody classes and we'll be able to talk more about antibodies as we move along in our course. So, I'll see you guys in our next video.
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20. Adaptive Immunity
Classes of Antibodies
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